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Understanding Relative Clauses in English

Learn how to use relative clauses to provide information about a noun in English. Explore defining and non-defining relative clauses, relative pronouns, and prepositions in relative clauses. Practice exercises included.

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Understanding Relative Clauses in English

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  1. UNIT 5 Relative Clauses María Fernández de Paúl Florencia Celaya 1º Bach. C

  2. RELATIVE CLAUSES They give us information about a noun. We use a relative pronoun to join or combine sentences,that way, instead of using two sentences we say the same but only using one sentence, a relative clause • Example: • A girl is talking to Sam. Do you know that girl? • Do you know the girl who is talking to Sam?

  3. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES • They give us ESSENTIAL information about a noun and they are placed after it. • We do not put commas before or at the end of a defining relative clause • In some cases, we can miss out the relative pronoun, but if the pronoun is the subject of the sentence we cannot omit it. • Examples: • - She showed me photos of the gorillas which lived there • - She showed me photos of the gorillas (which) she had studied

  4. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES • They give us EXTRA information about a noun • We use commas before and after the non-defining relative clauses • We cannot omit the relative pronoun • Examples: • My friend, who lives in Paris, wants to become a doctor • Anna, whose friend I know, lives there

  5. RELATIVE PRONOUNS

  6. PREPOSITIONS IN RELATIVE CLAUSES • When the preposition is placed earlier in the sentence, that cannot be used Example: -That’s the research that/which she received the award for. -That’s the research for which she received the award. • When the preposition is placed earlier in the sentence, whom must be used as the relative pronoun when the object is a person. Example: -She spoke to a professor that/ whom/ who she is friendly with. -She spoke to a professor with whom she is friendly.

  7. Exercises Rewrite these sentences using a relative pronoun (when it is needed): Albert Einstein is considered by many as the most intelligent person in human history. He put forward the theory of relativity. Albert Einstein, who put forward the theory of relativity, is considered by many as the most intelligent person in human history I ate the ice cream. It was on the fridge. I ate the ice cream which/that was on the fridge. I didn’t eat the pie. She was saving it for tonight. I didn’t eat the pie she was saving for tonight Jane is my best friend, she studies at University. Her mother works as a doctor. Jane, whose mother is a doctor, studies at University My aunt has two children. She loves them very much My aunt has two children whom she loves very much

  8. Exercises Write the appropiate relative pronoun: New York is the place ______ many people of different cultures live WHERE 1492 is the year _____ America was discovered WHEN The Empire State Building, _____ used to be the tallest building in the world, is a popular tourist attraction WHICH The kid _____ I babysit threw it out of the window. THAT (It is not needed)

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