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Harvard Referencing,

Harvard Referencing,. Bibliographies and Paraphrasing. What is referencing for?. Acknowledges the work of other writers. Demonstrates the knowledge which has influenced your writing. Enables the reader of your assignment to identify the sources used.

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Harvard Referencing,

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  1. Harvard Referencing, Bibliographies and Paraphrasing

  2. What is referencing for? • Acknowledges the work of other writers. • Demonstrates the knowledge which has influenced your writing. • Enables the reader of your assignment to identify the sources used. • Correct referencing enables you to avoid plagiarism.

  3. What types of material should I reference? • Books • Journals, magazines and newspapers • TV & Film • DVD’s • Internet documents (E.g. Websites, web documents) • In fact any information source.

  4. Definition of Terms • PARAPHASING – A restatement of the meaning of a text or passage using other words • CITATION – brief details of the source of your quote or ideas stated in the main body of your text. • REFERENCE – Full details of the publication that you have referred to in your text, placed at the end of your work, enabling the reader to trace the document quickly and easily. • BIBLIOGRAPHY – the list of all references/sources used.

  5. Paraphrasing Example, “The signal was red, therefore the train could not go”, might be paraphrased as “The train was not allowed to pass because the signal was red” Paraphrasing should attempt to preserve the essential leaning of the material being paraphrased.

  6. Citations • Naming the author in the text • If you name the authorin the sentence then you simply give the year of publication in brackets after the citation. There is no need to cite the author again. • Example: In a recent study, Smith (2002, p.14) has found much evidence to suggest that students learn quicker with the help of computers.

  7. Citations • No referral to author in the text • If it does not make sense to name the author in your sentence, include the author’s name in the brackets. • Example: There is much evidence to suggest that technology has improved the quality of the students experience of learning. (Smith, 2002, p.14)

  8. Referencing a Book • Lawton, A. and Rose, A.G. (2011), Organisation and management in the public sector, London: Pitman. • Smith, P. (2006), How to write an assignment, 2nd ed., Plymouth: How To Books. • Spence, B. (ed.) (2010), Secondary school management in the 1990’s: challenge and change, London: Independent Publishers.

  9. Referencing a chapter • Porter, M.A. (2011), The modification in researching postgraduate education, In: Burgess, R.G. (ed.), The research process in educational settings: ten case studies. London: Falmer Press, pp.35-47. • Citation:- Porter, (2001, p.37) or (Porter, 2001, p37)

  10. Referencing a Journal or Newspapers • Bell, P. (2008), “Learners are born, says report”, Times Higher Education Supplement, 16 January, p.5. • Bennett, H. Gunter, H. and Reid, S. (2010), “Through a glass: images of appraisal”, Journal of Teacher Development, Vol.5 No3 October, pp.39-46. • Citation:- (Bell, 2008, p.5) or Bell, (2008, p.5)

  11. Referencing Internet documents Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, (2006), Being prepared for an influenza pandemic: Kit for Small Businesses, Government of Australia, Available from: http://www.innovation.gov.au>.[Accessed 2nd March 2012] Citation: (Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources, 2006)

  12. Referencing Internet Websites Australian Securities Exchange, (2009), Market Information. Available from: http://www.asx.com.au/professionals/market_information /index.htm >.[Accessed 28th July 2012] Citation:- (Australian Securities Exchange, 2009)

  13. Where do I put references/ bibliography? • Locatereferences at the END of your assignment but before the ‘appendix’ (or ‘appendices’), in the form of a BIBLIOGRAPHY. • List the bibliography in the ‘CONTENTS’ pages at the beginning of your assignment (or report), but not numbered as a chapter or section.

  14. Ask for help! Key things to remember Be consistent and have a keen eye for detail Keep a list ü Practice

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