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Intergroup Relations

Intergroup Relations. Dominant Group Group in society who hold a position of power Establish values & norms to benefit themselves Enjoy certain privileges (better housing, education, income, etc.). Minority Group

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Intergroup Relations

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  1. Intergroup Relations Dominant Group • Group in society who hold a position of power • Establish values & norms to benefit themselves • Enjoy certain privileges (better housing, education, income, etc.) Minority Group • People that are singled out & treated unequally because of their physical characteristics or cultural practices • Minority doesn’t refer to size. (The dominant group in South Africa was white South Africans, who made up 15% of the population

  2. Discrimination & Prejudice are features of the minority-group experience, but they’re not the same. • Prejudice refers to attitudes. It’s unsupported generalization about a group of people. • Discrimination involves behaviors. It’s the denial of equal treatment to individuals based on their group membership

  3. Legal Discrimination: upheld by the law Examples: -Apartheid in South Africa -Women’s inability to vote until 1920 (19th Amendment) -Racial segregation in the US Institutionalized discrimination: outgrowth of the structure of society • Becomes part of society; can be unconscious • Unequal access to resources pushes minority groups into less powerful positions of power. • Can exist even when steps are taken to legally prevent discrimination

  4. Examples of Institutionalized Discrimination Minority group denied access to housing and jobs Over time, group members are concentrated into low-income communities Many group members can’t qualify for higher-paying jobs, due to lack of skill or knowledge Schools in these communities are poorly funded

  5. Discrimination: Gender Word Association What words do you believe are associated with men and women in our society? Were your words mostly positive or negative for men? For women?

  6. Defining Discrimination • In groups, write the following words on separate sheets of paper: • Racism - Ageism - Homophobia - Sexism • Discrimination based on disability • Discrimination based on religion & beliefs • Discrimination based on pregnancy & maternity • Each group member will take a sheet and use words, imagery and examples to create a definition of that type of discrimination. Include all 3 as a group • Then, you will pass it on to the person next to you, who will add more.

  7. Defining discrimination Racism Treating someone unfairly because of their race, nationality, ethnic or national origins.

  8. Defining discrimination Ageism Treating someone unfairly because of their age or the age you think they are.

  9. Defining discrimination Sexism Treating someone unfairly because of their gender. Men & women can experience sexism.

  10. Defining discrimination Homophobia Treating someone unfairly because they are gay, lesbian or bisexual, or you think they have this sexual orientation.

  11. Defining discrimination Discrimination because of religion or belief Treating someone unfairly because they are of a different religion or hold different beliefs, or because they have no religious beliefs. Or because someone thinks you have certain beliefs.

  12. Defining discrimination Discrimination because of disability Treating someone unfairly because they have a disability or because you think they have a disability.

  13. A Response to Discrimination “No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance...” Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972: Designed to prevent discrimination based on gender, but was created to increase women’s opportunities in society.

  14. Discrimination Against Women • http://www.pbs.org/makers/home/ • Identify 5 instances of discrimination and label it as either LEGAL or INSTITUTIONALIZED discrimination Legal=Upheld by the law. Restricts rights. Based on laws, so it can be stopped by changing those laws Institutionalized=A part of the social structure. Often unconscious discrimination. Perpetuates a cycle of inequality. B.

  15. Impact of Title IX: http://video.pbs.org/video/2330969949/ 1. What did it require colleges and universities to do? 2. How did it compel (force) colleges and universities to do this? 3. Identify other areas, besides athletics, where Title IX gave greater access to women and describe how much greater. 4. Listen closely to the comments made by the following women. Analyze the rhetoric each conveys by identifying words that express their personal feelings . 5. Compare & Contrast these comments on Title IX.

  16. http://video.pbs.org/video/2331379880/ 6. On September 20, 1973, Billie Jean King played male tennis champion Bobby Riggs in what was known as the “Battle of the Sexes” tennis tournament. List the costs and benefits to King personally and to women’s professional tennis in accepting Riggs’ challenge.

  17. Treatment of Minority Groups Make a foldable or other graphic organizer that covers the 7 patterns of treatment (pg. 242). Include an explanation of each pattern and an example (current or historical) for each pattern. Acceptance Rejection

  18. Sociological Explanation of Discrimination & Prejudice • Focus is on the environment. • The environment dictates which norms we’re supposed to follow. • And those norms can include how to interact and treat certain out-groups.

  19. Psychological Explanation • People are prejudiced because they have a particular kind of personality. (Easy to anger, blame others) • Prejudice may be the product of frustration and anger (especially when unable to confront the real problem) • Scapegoating: placing blame for one’s troubles on others • Minority groups often become scapegoats

  20. Economic Explanation • Prejudice & discrimination are the products of competition for scarce resources. • Ex: Immigrants can serve as a ready source of labor, but when the economy is bad and jobs are scarce, members of the dominant group will see certain minority groups as competition • Discrimination can include acts of violence, refusal to hire, restrictive immigration laws

  21. According to Merton, discrimination and prejudice can be combined in four possible ways Prejudice YES NO Discrimination YES NO

  22. On a blank sheet of paper, illustrate scenes (or examples) of the 4 patterns of prejudice &discrimination. Caption each scene A man refuses to hire a woman as mechanic because he believes women are unqualified to fix things.

  23. Explanations of Discrimination & Prejudice Pick 3 minority groups (based on ascribed status) and explain why they face certain acts of discrimination , using a sociological, psychological and economic explanation

  24. Cultural Pluralism Allows each group within society to keep it’s unique cultural identity. • Switzerland: Three equal groups: French, German, Italian

  25. ASSIMILATION Blending of culturally distinct groups into a single group with a common culture and identity • America as a “melting pot”

  26. LEGAL PROTECTION Legal steps are taken to ensure the rights of minorities are protected • Affirmative action is used to correct past imbalances in the educational & employment opportunities given to minority groups.

  27. SEGREGATION Physically separating a minority group from the dominant group. De jure: based on laws De facto: based on informal norms • Jews in Europe lived in ghettoes.

  28. SUBJUGATION The maintaining of control over a group through force • Slavery: ownership of one person by another

  29. POPULATION TRANSFER Minority population is transferred to a new territory, either directly (by force) or indirectly. • Native Americans forced onto reservations

  30. EXTERMINATION Most extreme response. Attempt to eliminate a whole group of people. • Genocide: intentional destruction of an entire population

  31. Changing Demographics Create a pie chart, displaying the percent of population for each racial/ethnic group. • For each, list 3 ways their position in society has improved and 3 ways in which they are still disadvantaged. When possible, these should be based on statistics. • Then, for each group identify 3 patterns of treatment they experienced. RELEVANT Information can be found on pgs. 247-256

  32. For Example… • Native Americans • Improvements: • -Grave protection & Repatriation Act allowed for archaeological decision-making & artifact retrieval • - • - • Challenges: • Alcohol-related deaths are 7x higher than general population • - • - Patterns of Treatment: Extermination (disease & warfare with colonists/government); Populationtransfers (reservations); ____________ (___)

  33. Then vs. Now Create a chart based on current statistics (Census, 2010). • Compare & Contrast: How have minority group populations grown/shrunk vs. the dominant group? • In which ways have minority groups’ rights & power increased/ decreased with their population growth? • What problems do they still face? *Written response may be included on back or on separate sheet of paper

  34. The American Dilemma The gap that exists between what Americans claim to believe and how they actually behave. • Beliefs: Equality, Freedom, Individual Dignity, Inalienable Rights VS. • Actions: Slavery, Segregation, Native American Reservations, Internment of Japanese-Americans

  35. American Dilemma DefineAmerican Dilemma (pg. 247), you will create a visual (or model) that demonstrates this conflict. Include: • 5 American values/ideals • 5 actions or behaviors that are in conflict with those values. Explain: Why do you think society violates those values? (1-2 paragraphs)

  36. I Have a Dream http://youtu.be/nFcbpGK9_aw MLK Jr.’s 1963 speech espoused his hopes for racial equality, freedom, and an end to injustice. “I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character” • Write your own “I Have a Dream” speech that focuses on an issue of injustice, inequality, prejudice, and/or discrimination that our society experiences today.

  37. Children & Discrimination • http://youtu.be/UOVwrcTzRBs

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