IMMIGRATION

1. IMMIGRATION • Open binder – new page - today’s date • THINK:From where did your ancestors come to America?Pick any ancestor who came here - when?

2. Immigration

3. Great Immigration Wave • Today, almost ½ of U.S. population traces roots to European immigrants of 1880 - 1920

4. The Statue of Liberty“Mother of Exiles” • 1883 – Emma Lazarus’s “The New Colossus” was engraved in the pedestal • Emma Lazarus – immigrant and young poet from New York

5. The New Colossus (engraved on Statue of Liberty 1883) By Emma Lazarus DON’T COPY) Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"

6. America – Land of Immigrants • Ancient tribes – crossed Bering Strait – wandered south • Eur. explorers/settlers: 16th – 17th Cent. • African slaves: 17th – 18th Cent. • Eur. immigrants: 18th- 19th Cent. • Asians & Latinos: 20th – 21st Cent.

7. Immigration and Economics • 19th Century (1800’s) – unprecedented immigration from diverse cultures • Causes: • Not as much of a need for farmers • More industrial workers to aid the growth of industry in the U.S. • Invention of machines • Jobless Europeans seeking factory work in cities

8. Immigration and Economics • 4 out of 5 immigrants settled in industrial cities in the Northeast • Worked for little money • Jobs: • Steel furnaces • Textiles looms • Railroads • Mines By the 1920’s the need for immigrant labor had diminished, and the U.S. passed laws restricting immigration. Today, almost ½ the population can trace their roots back to the rush of people who came between 1880 and 1920.

9. Do NOW!! • Open binder to notes from Mon. – Immigration Wave • Write in your notebook: What are the biggest problems that new immigrants to the US faced (today or back then)?

10. A Change in the Trends • Earlier immigrants of the 1700’s came from Northern and Western Europe • 1800’s saw immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe • Large groups of Jews left Russia to escape religious persecution • Poles, Czechs, Hungarians, and Italians came for poverty relief • Spoke little if any English and were unskilled laborers

11. The Door Closes • 1920’s – less need for immigrant labor • “Backlash” against immigrants • New laws restrict immigration

12. ImmigrationVocabulary / People • Jacob Riis: immigrant from Denmark (1870) whose photographs of immigrant life brought social and political reforms that helped the poor • Carl Schurz: German immigrant, fought for freedom by speaking against slavery and the treatment of Native Americans

13. Jacob Riis “A Journey Through Chinatown”

14. Jacob Riis “How the Other Half Lives”

15. Task: • Read chapter 22 “Immigrants Speak” • Respond to the following questions in your notes (either write or restate question): • What kind of immigrants did America need in the 1800’s? • Explain Schurz’s quote: “If you want to be free, there is but one way. It is to guarantee an equally full measure of liberty to all your neighbors.” • How did Schurz make full use of his opportunities in America? • What were the two largest immigrant groups to come to the U.S. in the middle of the 19th Century? • Refer to the graph on p. 114. What might have caused immigration to rise and fall?

16. Do NOW!! • 1st @ table? Take handouts for table • Open binder to show HW – completed Ch. 22 questions #1-5 • Compare answers @ table

17. Map Practicelocate and label the following countries: Major Emigrating Countries: (Label and Color Green) Ireland Germany Italy England Sweden Austria Hungary Czech Republic Turkey Russia Minor Emigrating Countries: (Label and Color Yellow) Spain Portugal France Switzerland Belgium Scotland Norway Holland Denmark Bulgaria Romania Greece

19. Do NOW!! • Open to map handout from Wed. • Discuss @ table:What do you know - or what have you heard - about immigrants from Mexico?

20. TASK: • Read Chapter 23 “ More About Immigrants.” • Complete web: “Opposition to Immigration”- Find reasons for opposition and groups that opposed immigration • Write small or use pencil – you may change answer later

21. Immigration Vocabulary • Emigrate: leave one’s homeland to settle elsewhere • Immigrant: person who has emigrated • Tenement: overcrowded city apartment buildings where many immigrants lived • Know-Nothing Party: political party against Catholics and foreigners • Working Men’s Party: anti-Asian hate group • exploit: to take advantage of • Chinese Exclusion Act: 1882 law that denied Chinese immigration to the U.S. • Economic depression: period of time with very high unemployment and little business activity

22. Economic Depression of the 1860’s and 1870’s Opposition to Immigration Competition for jobs Political Parties: Know-Nothing Workman’s Party Police and city services cost tax money KKK Workers “exploited” US by sending their $ home Schools cost tax money Prejudice, racism and discrimination

23. What they expected What they found The Immigrant Experience

25. Yick Wo. vs. Hopkins Vocabulary / People • Ordinance: local law • Naturalized citizen: immigrant who becomes a U.S. citizens • Nativism: policy of favoring people born in the U.S. over immigrants • Civil court: tries cases one person sues another • Criminal court: tries cases where criminal laws have been broken • Local court: first court that tries civil and criminal cases • State court: listens to appeals from local courts • Supreme Court: highest court, hears appeals from local and state courts, upholds rights and liberties guaranteed by the Constitution • Jury: group of citizens who listen to evidence and decide case • Defendant: person on trial • Prosecutor: lawyer representing government in criminal case • Appeal: to take to a higher court if not satisfied with the decision of a lower court. • Brief: written legal argument • Aliens: people who live in the U.S. but are not citizens • Lee Yick: owner of Chinese laundry whose court case decided the issues of the rights of aliens and the arbitrary enforcement of laws

26. Defendant Who was Lee Yick? What was his case? The Case of Yick Wo vs. Hopkins Steps of the Court Prosecutor Who was Hopkins? What was his case? Has justice been served?

27. Defendant Who was Lee Yick? What was his case? The Case of Yick Wo vs. Hopkins Steps of the Court Prosecutor Who was Hopkins? What was his case? Arrest Trial in local court appeal Trial in California Supreme Court Has justice been served? Appeal Trial in U.S. Supreme Court

28. Yick Wo vs. HopkinsChapters 24-25 • Do the police have the right to enforce the law arbitrarily? • Should the law treat aliens the same way that it treats American citizens? • Do you agree with the decision of the lower court? Explain why. • Do you agree or disagree with the ruling of the Supreme Court? Explain why.

29. Immigration Trends Today – Sample Page Set-Up Mrs. LoMonaco Periods 3,5,8,9 Bailey Buc Buddy Source: www.denville.org