QUIZ Other than Jews , name 3 minorities who were persecuted by the Nazis.

1. QUIZ • Other than Jews, name 3 minorities who were persecuted by the Nazis. • Name 3 methods of persecution used by the Nazis between 1933 and 1939. • Describe two ways in which the Nuremberg Laws (1935) changed the lives of Jews. • Outline 3 facts about Kristallnacht (1938). • Sum up the meaning of Social Darwinism in 1-2 sentences. • Explain 2 other reasons why the Nazis persecuted minorities/Jews.

3. Why did the Nazis persecute Jews and other minorities?

5. QUESTION 1d: Explain why……. (8 marks) Explain why Hitler carried out a policy of persecution of the Jews and other minority groups in the years 1933-39. One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). To reach an A*, link your two reasons If you don’texplain how your reasons led to the outcome stated in the question, you won’t get above a C grade on the ‘explain why’ question. One reason why x was…….. For example…….. (explain the reason using detailed knowledge). This caused x because..... (try to explain why your reason led to x happening). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between your 2 reasons OR which reason was the most important cause, and why. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

6. Explain why Hitler carried out a policy of persecution of the Jews and other minority groups in the years 1933-39. (8 marks) • One reason why there was a policy of persecution was because Hitler believed that Jews were to blame for Germany’s past problems. For example, Hitler said that Jewish soldiers had weakened the Germany army during WW1, leading to Germany’s defeat. Hitler also blamed ‘greedy’ Jewish moneylenders for the hyperinflation of 1923 and the Great Depression. Jews were scapegoated for these problems because Hitler believed that Jews were out to undermine Germany. Therefore, Hitler persecuted them as it was convenient – people wanted someone to blame for Germany’s past problems – and because persecuting them would remove the ‘enemy within’ who were ‘sabotaging’ Germany. • Another reason Hitler persecuted the Jews was because of the theory of Social Darwinism. This applied Darwin’s theory of natural selection to races of humans. Hitler saw Aryans as the ‘fittest’ of the species and saw Jews and other minorities as the inferior ‘subhumans’ who would naturally die out in time. Hitler wished to create a pure Aryan state out of Germany. Therefore, Hitler persecuted minorities by sterilising and eventually murdering them because he thought that exterminating Jews, Gypsies and other minorities would give nature a helping hand. This way, Hitler could create an Aryan ‘master race’ more quickly. POINT EVIDENCE/ KNOWLEDGE EXPLANATION – HOW CAUSE LED TO OUTCOME

7. How were minorities persecuted 1933-39?

8. How were Jews persecuted? Measures taken against the Jews: the bigger picture

9. Measures taken against the Jews 1933-38

11. Common mistakes: • Writing about the Final Solution, which happened AFTER 1939 (eg. death camps, Jews being killed/gassed in concentration camps, sterilisation of Jews etc.) • Writing about ghettos – these were not built in Germany (only in countries occupied by the Nazis during WW2). Ghettos are beyond the period AND beyond Germany!

12. QUESTION 2 TYPE A: Explain how……. (8 marks) CHANGE/IMPACT • Eg. Explain how the position of Jews in Germany changed in the years 1933–39 • For this type of question, make sure you focus on ways in which x changed. Eg. One way in which the position of Jews changed is that they were reduced to being aliens in their own country. For example…. (explain using knowledge of Nuremberg Laws). This changed the position of Jews because they were no longer seen as being German. • With all 8 markers, aim for 2 points if you can. • You can reach up to 6/8 marks (a B grade) with just one, well explained reason. However, to reach a B grade or above don’t focus simply on what happened (eg. Nuremberg Laws), but on how these events showed a change (eg. the impact of the Nuremberg Laws on the position of the Jews). One way in which x changed was… For example……. (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). To reach an A*, link the ways in which x changed A second way in which x changed was… For example…… (use your knowledge to explain how events led to this change). This changed x because..... (sum up the impact of events on x). Another way of reaching an A* on this Q is to write a short conclusion explaining the link between the 2 ways in which x changed. You only need a conclusion if you’re aiming for an A* 10 mins

13. The 8 mark ‘explain how/change’ question Explain how the position of Jews in Germany changed in the years 1933–39. One way in which the position of Jews changed was the passing of the Nuremberg Laws in 1935.  These laws removed rights and citizenship from Jewish people, banned marriage between Jews and Aryans as well as sexual relationships between them. This changed their position because they lost their citizenship, lost the right to vote and were seen as not being German, like they were a completely different race. The other way in which the position of Jews changed was during the Night of the Broken Glass, Kristallnacht, in 1938. There was rioting in Germany. Thousands of Jewish shop windows were smashed and thousands of Jews were arrested.  This changed their position because the German people had begun to turn against them, taken in by Hitler’s anti-Semitic views. The Jews were persecuted increasingly during the 1930s. In conclusion, both factors contributed to changing the position of Jews during the years 1933-39. The Nuremberg Laws showed the legal alienation of the Jews, whilst Kristallnacht was the last push to show that they really were not welcome in Germany.   • HOW TO IMPROVE IT • It would be better to begin paras with a statement about the type of change experienced by Jews. Eg. Jews were treated as outcasts in society are were not considered to be part of the Volk. • Add to end of para 1 – eg. Jews treated as sub-human. • Could add further facts about Kristallnacht.