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How Do The Principle Psychological Perspectives Explain the Development of Individuals?

How Do The Principle Psychological Perspectives Explain the Development of Individuals?. Today: How do Chomsky & Skinner explain language acquisition? How do Rogers, Maslow, Selman, Bandura and Cooley & Mead explain the development of self. Language Acquisition.

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How Do The Principle Psychological Perspectives Explain the Development of Individuals?

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  1. How Do The Principle Psychological Perspectives Explain the Development of Individuals? Today: How do Chomsky & Skinner explain language acquisition? How do Rogers, Maslow, Selman, Bandura and Cooley & Mead explain the development of self.

  2. Language Acquisition Click on the button to watch Alex the parrot. Does this parrot have cognitive abilities? Is Alex using human language appropriately? What does anthropomorphismmean? Alex the Parrot 1976-2007

  3. Language Acquisition Do we learn language, or is language biologically programmed within us? Versus Chomsky Skinner

  4. Language AcquisitionBehaviourist Perspective • Skinner says that children imitate a sound made by others (echoic) and those around the child respond positively and with excitement. This acts as a positive reinforcement so the child repeats sounds to gain praise and rewards. • Skinner says language acquisition is a mixture of trial and error, reinforcement and imitation. • Is this nature or nurture?

  5. Language AcquisitionBehaviourist Perspective • Oxana Malaya is known as a ‘feral child’ because from the age of 3 she was ‘brought up’ by dogs. • When she was discovered at 8 she had barely any language and behaved like a dog. • Watch the clip of her. Do you think this is evidence for the behaviourist perspective or not?

  6. Language AcquisitionNatavist Perspective • Chomsky said language acquisition has to be more complex than simple trial and error. • He said we are born with LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE which are innate structures within us to understand language AND grammar.He said we therefore just need to master the words of the language we were born into and the rest will come naturally. • Is this nature or nurture?

  7. Language AcquisitionCritical-Period Hypothesis • This theory states that people must learn language within a critical period during early development if they are to comprehend and master the structure of language. • Is this nature or nurture? • Genie was a neglected child who was found at the age of 13. • Watch the clip which explains her situation. How would you explain Genie’s lack of language?

  8. Language AcquisitionSemantics • Semantics refers to the meaning we give to words. • What is this picture of? • What meaning/s do we give to the word? • How do we attribute meaning to words?

  9. Language AcquisitionAreas for Debate • Can animals learn language? (If not, then is language acquisition biological to humans?) • Are we all born with the same ability to make sounds? (think about different languages.) • How do you explain accents? • How do you explain semantics? • Can neglected children speak? What does this tell you (if anything) about language acquisition? • Children raised in bilingual homes are often slower to speak than those who are not, but when they do speak, they keep each language separate and speak each language correctly. What does this tell you about language acquisition?

  10. More than 50 wild children have been identified since the mids1300s. Hesse wolf-child The Irish sheep-child Kaspar Hauser The 1st Lithuanian bear-child Peter of Hannover The 2nd Lithuanian bear-child The Karpfen bear-girl Tomko of Zips The Salzburg Sow-girl Clemens the Overdyke pig-child Dina Sanichar of Sekandra The Indian Panther-child The Justedal snow-hen The Mauretanian gazelle-child The Teheran ape-child Lucas the South African Baboon-child Edith of Ohio Wolf-boy of Kronstadt Bear-girl of Kaprfen Victor de l’Aveyron Bear girl of Fraumark Wolf-child of Sekandar Confined Child of Pennsylvania John Ssebunya of Uganda Duck-boy of Holland Language AcquisitionFurther Research into Feral Children

  11. Development of Self - Maslow Maslow believed that people were constantly striving to achieve self actualisation

  12. Development of Self - Rogers • Rogers strongly believes in the desire for people to grow and develop as people. • He believes people construct their own reality and in doing so, construct a sense of self called the ‘ideal self’. • Personal distress can occur when our ideal self is unrealistic or too idealistic. We then feel like a failure. Click here for full Presentation on Rogers

  13. Development of Self • Research what Selman, Bandura and Cooley & Mead say about the development of Self. • Identify whether all of the theorists are looking at the development of self in terms of nature or nurture.

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