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Paraphrasing

Paraphrasing. What is it? When do we use it? What are the characteristics of a good paraphrase?. A Paraphrase is…. your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form.

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Paraphrasing

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  1. Paraphrasing • What is it? • When do we use it? • What are the characteristics of a good paraphrase? Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  2. A Paraphrase is… • your own rendition of essential information and ideas expressed by someone else, presented in a new form. • one legitimate way (when accompanied by accurate documentation) to borrow from a source. • a more detailed restatement than a summary. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  3. Paraphrasing for reading purposes • To check your understanding • To help you work through difficult material • To ensure the material goes into your long-term memory Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  4. Paraphrasing for writing purposes • To use information or ideas that “belong to” another writer and avoid plagiarism. • To provide support for our ideas from experts. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  5. What is “plagiarism”? • Using someone else’s ideas or information without “citing the source” • When the writer is giving a new idea, reinterpreting facts, or challenging current views • “Common knowledge” is an exception: • The information can be found in many sources & therefore does not “belong” to a writer • We must paraphrase, but don’t need to cite the source. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  6. Steps to effective paraphrasing 1. Read the text (or listen) for content. Circle any vocabulary words that you do not understand. 2. Define the unknown circled words, but only those that are necessary to understanding the key ideas. Make a list of possible synonyms. 3. Set the original aside. Tell someone else your rendition of the original in your words (possibly using some key terms) 4. Write your own paraphrase (you may want to use the following template). Also, note any grammatical difference between the original and your paraphrase. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  7. Expressions to introduce paraphrases • Author + verb + (that) + … • Compares • Indentifies • Describes • Discusses • States • Says • Indicates • Suggests • Argues • Writes Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  8. Steps to effective Paraphrasing 5. Evaluating the paraphrase: • Is it accurate? (Does it convey the same idea/information?) • Is it expressed in the writer’s own words? (not just changing a few words) Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  9. PracticeParaphrasing • While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William Lee has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. From Ron Bachman, "Reaching for the Sky." Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  10. Practice Paraphrasing • While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, it's unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the world's tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural engineer William Lee has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobelclaims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  11. Example paraphrase • How much higher skyscrapers of the future will rise than the Sears Tower is unknown. However, the design of one twice as tall is already on the boards, and an architect, Robert Sobel, thinks we currently have sufficient know-how to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories (Bachman 15). • Ron Bachman writes that although the Sears Tower is a great achievement in skyscraper design, plans are underway to develop taller buildings. Engineers and architects claim that the technology is available to build a skyscraper with over 500 stories (15). Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  12. PRACTICE Paraphrasing • EXERCISE 20 ON PAGE 85 • PRACTICE WITH “MUSCLE READING” TEXT • LET’S DO ONE TOGETHER: • STEP 6 ON PAGE 81. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  13. STEPS TO EFFECTIVE PARAPHRASING 1. Read the text (or listen) for content. Circle any vocabulary words that you do not understand. 2. Define the unknown circled words, but only those that are necessary to understanding the key ideas. Make a list of possible synonyms. 3. Set the original aside. Tell someone else your rendition of the original in your words (possibly using some key terms) 4. Write your own paraphrase (you may want to use the following template). Also, note any grammatical difference between the original and your paraphrase. 5. Evaluating the paraphrase: • Is it accurate? (Does it convey the same idea/information?) • Is it expressed in the writer’s own words? (not just changing a few words) • Is there a grammatical change used? Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  14. POSSIBLE PARAPHRASE • Ellis suggests that as you read, you need to get answers for your questions—either by writing them down or filling out your outline. Also, Ellis compares a reader to a detective, and he suggests that a reader should watch for every clue and ask your textbook to give you what you want. Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

  15. Practice paraphrasing • EXERCISE 20 ON PAGE 85 • PRACTICE WITH “MUSCLE READING” TEXT • STEP 2 ON PAGE 77 • STEP 7 ON PAGE 81 Created by Jonathan Colson, Montgomery College

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