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CELLS

CELLS. Cell Structure and Function. SIZE COMPARISONS. REPRESENTS 10 MICRONS 0.5-.05 microns-VIRUS O.5-1.5 microns-BACTERIA 5 microns-RED BLOOD CELL 5-8 microns-LYMPHOCYTE 60 microns-HUMAN SPERM. CELL STRUCTURE.

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CELLS

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  1. CELLS Cell Structure and Function

  2. SIZE COMPARISONS • REPRESENTS 10 MICRONS • 0.5-.05 microns-VIRUS • O.5-1.5 microns-BACTERIA • 5 microns-RED BLOOD CELL • 5-8 microns-LYMPHOCYTE • 60 microns-HUMAN SPERM

  3. CELL STRUCTURE • GET OUT YOUR COLORED PENCILS

  4. Prokaryotic Cell (bacteria) • No true nucleus

  5. Nucleoid • Coiled DNA-not in a membrane

  6. Capsule • Sticky, helps the cell adhere to surfaces

  7. Here’s streptococcus, anthrax, and meningitis bacteria Prokaryotic

  8. Eukaryotic • DO HAVE A TRUE NUCLEUSWITH A MEMBRANE • Plants • Animals • Fungi • Protists

  9. Eukaryotic Cells • Have a true nucleus bound by a membrane

  10. You will make an edible cell model block day – Nov. 29 + 30 EUKARYOTIC CELLS

  11. Houses the genetic material: DNA Control center NUCLEUS

  12. Nuclear Envelope-double membrane with pores to let materials in and out The Nucleus

  13. Chromatin = DNA attached to protein as long, thin fibers DNA

  14. Nucleus

  15. Chromatin-loose-made of DNA, RNA, and proteins Chromosomes-compact, tight-when cell is going to divide How Are They Related?

  16. Coiled up chromatin Chromosome

  17. Nucleolus • LOCATION: • small dark area inside the nucleus • FUNCTION: • makes ribosomes

  18. Go Bucks! We Beat Michigan!

  19. Plasma Membrane • LOCATION: Surrounds the cell • FUNCTION: Sets off the cell from its environment • Controls what goes in/out of the cell

  20. PLASMA MEMBRANE Double Membrane Material Exits the Membrane Protein Channel Animation

  21. Pili • Short projections of membrane • Help hold onto surfaces

  22. Flagella • Longer Projections • Propel through water

  23. Flagellum

  24. * a cylindrical array of 9 filaments * a pair of single microtubules running up through the center of the bundle 9 + 2 arrangement

  25. Cilia • Shorter Projections • Usually many of them

  26. How do they move? • Flagella and Cilia Animation (Click)

  27. Cell Wall • Protects cell • helps it maintain its shape • Outside the cell membrane

  28. CELL WALL: only in plant cells + prokaryotes

  29. Capsule • Sticky outer coat • Helps glue it to surfaces (like sticks, rocks, human tissue) • Only in prokaryotes (bacteria)

  30. Capsule

  31. Fluid filled region between the plasma membrane and nucleus (jello) Cytoplasm

  32. Organelles • “little organs” • most are membranous

  33. Cellular metabolism Chemical activities of the cell What goes on in them?

  34. Separate the chemicals of cellular metabolism (some may be toxic) Increases the membrane surface area (this is where most processes occur) What advantage is having organelles?

  35. Ribosomes • Small (21-25 nm) • assemble amino acids into polypeptides • (protein)

  36. Assembles the proteins Has two subunits RIBOSOMES

  37. Ribosome

  38. Endomembrane System • (Organelles that are formed by membranes) • endoplasmic reticulum • Golgi apparatus • lysosomes • vacuoles

  39. Channels within the cell ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  40. SMOOTH ER = Has no ribosomes embedded in it Makes lipids ER

  41. Channels to bring materials to ribosomes Assemble proteins ROUGH ER = has ribosomes embedded in it ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  42. Rough ER

  43. Path of Proteins • ER collects proteins • creates a bubble around it (transport vesicle) • then to cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus

  44. Sacs are not interconnected Looks like flattened stacks of pita bread GOLGI COMPLEX(Golgi apparatus, Golgi Bodies)

  45. “Molecular warehouse and finishing factory” Repackage proteins Golgi Apparatus

  46. Golgi apparatus Also known as Golgi body Golgi complex

  47. Making A Golgi Vesicle

  48. Vesicle Animations (Click) • Vesicle Budding and Fusing • vesicle animation Push the finger to the vesicle • Rediscovering Biology - Unit 10 Neurobiology: Animations and Images • (click on synaptic vesicles)

  49. Golgi Bodies Making vesicles to carry out repackaged proteins

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