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Russian Revolution

Russian Revolution. Long-term social unrest in Russia explodes in revolution, and ushers in the first Communist government. . Czar Nicholas II 1868-1918. He does not trust the Duma – the governing body of Russia 1905 – 200,000 workers march to the czars palace demanding reforms

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Russian Revolution

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  1. Russian Revolution Long-term social unrest in Russia explodes in revolution, and ushers in the first Communist government.

  2. Czar Nicholas II 1868-1918 • He does not trust the Duma – the governing body of Russia • 1905 – 200,000 workers march to the czars palace demanding reforms • WWI breaks out – Nicholas leaves Moscow to lead his army on the Eastern Front • This is a terrible idea because it leaves his wife in charge of almost all political decisions – she is heavily influenced by a man named Rasputin

  3. Russia’s Industrialization • Number of factories between 1863 and 1900 doubles – but Russia is still behind the rest of Europe • Late 1800’s- a new government plan boosts steel production and a new railway begins to be built • Industrialization breeds discontent over working conditions and wages • Growing popularity of Marxist ideas – the proletariat (workers) should rule • Bolsheviks- Marxists who favor revolution by a small committed group • Lenin- Bolshevik leader- brought back from exile by the Germans to “stir things up” – an excellent organizer

  4. Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905 • Workers march • Army fires into the crowd, killing many • Jewish Pogroms • Massacre leads to widespread unrest, Nicolas is forced to make reforms • The Dumameets in 1905 • The Czar is unwilling to share power, dissolves the Duma after only 10 weeks

  5. The March Revolution • March 1917, workers strikes expand, soldiers refuse to fire on workers • Nicolas abdicates throne • Duma establishes provisional government • Soviets-committees of Socialist revolutionaries- control many cites • April 1917- Lenin returns to Russia

  6. The Bolshevik Revolution • November 1917- workers take control of the government • Lenin gives land to peasants, puts workers in control of factories • Bolsheviks sign treaty with Germany – Treaty of Breast- Litovsk • Civil War between the Bolsheviks’ Red Army and the loosely allied White Army breaks out • Red Army wins the three year conflict, leaving 14 millions dead (14+9(WWI)= 23 million people dead within 10 years!)

  7. Lenin Restores Order • New Economics Policy: • Launched in March, 1921- has some capitalism • By 1928- Russia’s farms and factories are productive again • Political Reforms: • Created self-governing republics under national government • 1922- country renamed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics • Communist party- new name taken by Bolsheviks from Marx

  8. Stalin Becomes Dictator • Trotsky and Stalin compete to replace Lenin when he dies • Joseph Stalin- cold, hard Communist Party general secretary • Gains power from 1922-1927 • Lenin dies in 1924 • Stalin gains complete control in 1928 – Trotsky is exiled then murdered

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