1 / 32

Multicellular Primary Producers Seaweeds and Plants

Multicellular Primary Producers Seaweeds and Plants. Chapter 6. All photosynthetic?. Most are photosynthetic but of course there are exceptions Some are not photosynthetic and are actually parasites of other seaweeds!. The role of seaweeds.

ursa
Download Presentation

Multicellular Primary Producers Seaweeds and Plants

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Multicellular Primary ProducersSeaweeds and Plants Chapter 6

  2. All photosynthetic? Most are photosynthetic but of course there are exceptions Some are not photosynthetic and are actually parasites of other seaweeds!

  3. The role of seaweeds • Transform solar every to chemical energy in the form of organic matter • Energy is then available for consumption • Habitat • Oxygen producers

  4. Structure of seaweeds • Seaweeds are eukaryotic • Seaweeds still lack the specialized structures and reproductive mechanisms characteristic of terrestrial plants • Wide range of variation among seaweeds

  5. Variation • Rocky shore- small and sturdy to withstand waves • Some delicate ones live on other seaweeds • Kelps- found offshore in cold waters (giants)

  6. General Structure • Seaweeds lack true leaves, stems, and roots of plants. • Thallus- Complete body • Blades- Leaf-like flattened portions of the thallus, large surface area, photosynthesis • Pneumatocysts- Gas-filled bladders that can keep blades close to sea surface • Stipe- Stem-like structure for support, blades originate • Holdfast- Attaches the thallus to the bottom and well developed in kelps

  7. Structure

  8. Types of Seaweeds • Three types • 1) Green • 2) Brown • 3) Red

  9. Green Algae • Most are freshwater and terrestrial • 10% of the 7,000 species are marine • Most have a simple thallus compared to the other 2 groups • Thought that land plants evolved from green algae • Pigments and food reserve are the same

  10. Where do green algae live? • Common on rocks in shallow water • Rocky shore tide pools

  11. Types of green seaweeds • Filamentous types may be branched or unbranched • Enteromorpha- thin thallus in the form of a hollow tube • Ulva- Sea lettuce is paper thin • Valonia- forms large spheres or curious spherical clusters. • Caulerpa- Single giant cell with many nuclei • Codium- Deadman’s fingers • Halimeda- Calcareous green algae (coral reefs)

  12. Enteromorpha

  13. Ulva

  14. Valonia

  15. Caulerpa

  16. Codium

  17. Halimeda

  18. Brown Algae • Coloration – varies from olive green to dark brown • Fucoxanthin over chlorophyll • Almost all of the 1500 species are marine • Often the dominant primary producers on temperate and polar rocky coasts. • Largest and structurally most complex (Include the kelps)

  19. Types of Brown Algae • Ectocarpus- Finely filamentous thallus • Dictyota – thallus is flat and branched • Padina- Fan-shaped and lightly calcified • Desmaretia- branched • Some are exposed at low tides at the middle and upper levels of rocky shores • Gas-filled floats – rockweeds or wracks

  20. Sargassum • Brown algae found in warm waters (Gulfs of Mexico and California) • Sargasso weed has spherical air bladders to keep small leaf like blades afloat • Most grow on rocks • Offshore in huge masses • Sargasso Sea • Area in Atlantic

  21. Sargasso Sea

  22. Sargassum Sea • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFxhlyJ3U4Q

  23. Kelps • Most complex and largest of all brown algae • Great importance – provide food and shelter for many organisms. • Laminaria- species of kelp where a single large blade can be up to 10 ft • Agarum and Alaria – Rib runs along the middle of a single blade • Egregia- Feather boa kelp • Eisenia- Southern sea palm • Nereocystis- Bull kelp • Pelagophycus- Antler like branches

  24. Brown Algaes Padina • kelp.gifkelp.gif Agarum Egregia Dictyota Ectocarpus Laninaria Desmarestia Alaria Nereocystis Eisnia Pelagophycus

  25. Macrocystis • Largest of kelps • Massive holdfast attaches to the bottom • At the base of each blade a gas-filled pneumatocyst • Can grow 20 in per day in optimal conditions • Form kelp beds or forests • Among the richest, most productive environments in the marine world

  26. Kelp Forest • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GcbU4bfkDA4 • What coast of North America can they be found? • What do kelps consist of? • What do young kelp compete for? • What do fish use the kelp forest for? • Why does the canopy make a good nursery environment?

  27. Red Algae • More red algae that green and brown combined • Red pigments known as phycobilins • Essentially marine • Of the 4000 species, only a few are fresh water or soil • Live in most shallow-water marine environments

  28. Structure of Reds • Simplified in structure by becoming parasites of other seaweeds • A few have lost all chlorophyll and are heterotophs • Most are filamentous • Thickness, width, arrangement of filaments varies

  29. Types of Reds • Gelidium • Gracilaria • Endocladia –wirey clumps on rocky shores from Alaska to S. Ca. • Gigartina- Most massive of the red algae • Porphyra-Common on rocky shores above the lowest tide mark • Rhodymenia –Common in North Atlantic • Chondrus –Irish moss and can tolerate wide ranges in temp, light and salinity

  30. Red Algae Gelidium Gracilaria • en Porphyra Rhodymenia Endocladia Gigartina Chondrus

  31. Coralline Algae (Corallina) • Red algae that deposit calcium carbonate in their cell walls • Important in several marine environments • Calcified thallus takes a variety of shapes • Color varies from light to intense reddish-pink • Warm-water coralline algae are actively involved in formation and development of coral reefs

  32. Bingo • Thallus • Blades • Pneumatocysts • Stipe • Holdfast • Green algae • Red algae • Brown algae • Enteromorpha • Ulva • Valonia • Caulerpa • Halimeda • Gigartina • Chondrus • Fucoxanthin • Ectocarpus • Dictyota • Padina • Desmarestia • Rockweeds • Sargasso Sea • Laminaria • Nereocystis • Pelagophycus • Macrocystis • Kelp forest • Phycobilins • Coralline algae • Gracilaria • Porphyra

More Related