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What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington)

What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington). Liquefaction, 1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan (Soil Liquefaction web site, U-Wash). Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco. Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco. Sand boil.

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What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington)

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  1. What happens during liquefaction (Soil Liquefaction web site, University of Washington)

  2. Liquefaction, 1964 Niigata earthquake, Japan (Soil Liquefaction web site, U-Wash)

  3. Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco

  4. Liquefaction damage, Marina District, San Francisco Sand boil

  5. Resonance

  6. Period (seconds) ~ 0.1 × Number of floors

  7. 5 floors 1 floor

  8. 1985 Mexico City earthquake 10,000 deaths 50,000 injuries $5 billion damage Maximum Intensity IX 350 km away! MW≈ 8.0

  9. Attenuation High frequency: treble Low frequency: bass

  10. Amplification

  11. 8-18 stories most damage 1-2 Hz vibrations Resonance Visuals Unlimited

  12. Liquefaction

  13. Earthquake Prediction

  14. Gap Gap filled by earthquake Seismic Gap Theory

  15. Elastic Rebound Theory

  16. Elastic Rebound Strain No strain built up, quakes unlikely

  17. Elastic Rebound Strain Strain building up, quakes more and more likely

  18. Elastic Rebound Strain Long time since last quake; quake likely

  19. Elastic Rebound Strain Quake!Occurs as strain is released by rocks breaking

  20. No strain in rocks, quakes unlikely Elastic Rebound Strain

  21. Same fault, different segments; behave differently

  22. Earthquakes in past 50 years Seismic Gap

  23. Earthquake and aftershocks: gap filled

  24. San Andreas Fault segments have different quake probabilities Probability of quake USGS

  25. Creeping Faults

  26. Earthquakes triggering Earthquakes North Anatolian Fault, Turkey

  27. The Most Damaging Earthquakes

  28. Bam, Iran, prior to 2003 M=6.6 earthquake

  29. Bam, Iran, after 2003 M=6.6 earthquake

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