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UNIT 3

UNIT 3. THE WORLD WAR I ERA. Chapter 17 SECTION 3 & 4 AMERICA’S NEW ROLE. After the Spanish-American War the debate intensified on whether the U .S. should build and empire as three presidents took different approaches to imperialism. Chapter 17: Becoming a World Power ( 1890–1915).

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UNIT 3

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  1. UNIT 3 THE WORLD WAR I ERA

  2. Chapter 17 SECTION 3 & 4 AMERICA’S NEW ROLE After the Spanish-American War the debate intensified on whether the U.S. should build and empire as three presidents took different approaches to imperialism

  3. Chapter 17: Becoming a World Power (1890–1915) Section 1: The Pressure to Expand Section 2: The Spanish-American War Section 3: A New Foreign Policy Section 4: Debating America’s New Role

  4. Presidents of the United States • George Washington; Federalist (1788) • John Adams; Federalist (1796) • Thomas Jefferson (1800) • James Madison (1808) • James Monroe (1816) • John Quincy Adams (1824) • Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) • Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) • William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) • John Tyler; Whig (1841) • James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) • Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) • Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) • Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) • James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) • Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) • Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) • Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) • Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) • James Garfield; Republican (1880) • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • William McKinley; Republican (1896) • #26 - Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • #27 - William Howard Taft; Republican (1909) • #28 - Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913)

  5. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the causes and effects of imperialism. • Objective 3.3: What were the goals of Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” diplomacy? • Objective 3.4: What were the main arguments raised by the anti-imperialists? • THEME: America will look to expand its borders and influence

  6. A NEW FOREIGN POLICY CHAPTER 17 SECTION 3

  7. IMPERIALISM • Under imperialism, stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating weaker nations.

  8. EXPANSION ARGUMENTS US goal was always expansion

  9. Americans needed a shorter route between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. A French company had bought a 25-year concession from Colombia to build a canal across Panama. A concession is a grant for a piece of land in exchange for a promise to use the land for a specific purpose. Defeated by yellow fever and mismanagement, the company abandoned the project and offered its remaining rights to the United States for $100 million. A NEW TRADE ROUTE IS NEEDED

  10. Panama Revolution PANAMA CANAL • Negotiations with Columbia failed. • President Roosevelt helped instigate the Panamanian Revolution to overthrow the Colombian government. • The revolution is successful and the US recognizes Panama as an independent nation. • US negotiated Hay-Bunau- Varilla Treaty which gave us the land for the canal. • The United States paid Panama $10 million for the strip of land to build the canal and a $250,000.00 yearly rental fee. WRITE THIS DOWN!

  11. quick access to Atlantic & Pacific • military protection of territories • trade & economic value would increase

  12. Roosevelt picture at canal PANAMA CANAL • Roosevelt at the canal in 1906 • $400 million to build • Began in 1904 and completed by 1914 • Army engineer George Goethals organized the construction. • Dr. Walter Reed found ways to deal with yellow fever

  13. Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy “Speak softly and carry a big stick and you will go far.” Roosevelt used this old African proverb to guide his foreign policy. WRITE THIS DOWN! • The Roosevelt Corollaryto the Monroe Doctrine — The United States will act as “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere and intervene to prevent intervention by other powers. • Roosevelt in Latin America — Under Roosevelt, the United States often intervened in Latin America. • Roosevelt in Asia — Roosevelt wanted to preserve an open door to trade with China. He won a Nobel peace prize for negotiating a peace settlement between Russia and Japan. • Absent from Roosevelt’s geopolitical thinking was the concern for interests of less powerful nations

  14. Roosevelt Corollary BIG STICK POLICY • US FOREIGN POLICY • Ask first but bring along a big army to help convince them. • Threaten to use force, act as international policemen. • It was his foreign policy in Latin America and Asia.

  15. Big Stick Policy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick”. Also referred to as “Roosevelt’s Corollary”

  16. Roosevelt Corollary • THE GREAT WHITE FLEET • The Great White Fleetwas sent in response to his agreements with Japan • In 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet, part of the United States Navy, on a cruise around the world • This was to demonstrate U.S. naval power to other nations and that the U.S. was no pushover • American citizens clearly saw the advantages of having a powerful navy.

  17. Foreign Policy After Roosevelt William Howard Taft • Elected President in 1908 • Taft believed in maintaining influence through American investments, not military might. • This policy was called dollar diplomacy. • The United States reached new heights of international power under Roosevelt and Taft. • However, the policies of both Presidents also created enemies in Latin America and a growing international resentment of U.S. intervention. Woodrow Wilson • Elected in 1912 • Under Wilson, the United States applied more moral standards to foreign policy decisions. • Wilson’s policy drew the United States into the complex and bloody Mexican Revolution. • Wilson’s “moral diplomacy” did not work well in Mexico. Many lives were lost, and U.S. financial interests lost ground. • U.S.–Mexico relations were strained for many years.

  18. Imperialism through legos • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYeFcSq7Mxg

  19. United States Interventions, 1898-1934

  20. A New Foreign Policy-Assessment Roosevelt’s foreign policy was based on (A) the threat of military intervention. (B) the use of American investments. (C) moral and legalistic standards. (D) the fear of foreign invasion. The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to: (A) bribing foreign diplomats. (B) American investments in other countries. (C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries. (D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

  21. A New Foreign Policy-Assessment Roosevelt’s foreign policy was based on (A) the threat of military intervention. (B) the use of American investments. (C) moral and legalistic standards. (D) the fear of foreign invasion. The “dollar” in the phrase “dollar diplomacy” referred to: (A) bribing foreign diplomats. (B) American investments in other countries. (C) being conservative about buying goods from other countries. (D) spending campaign dollars to influence public opinion.

  22. DEBATING AMERICA’S NEW ROLE CHAPTER 17 SECTION 4

  23. Debating Imperialism Anti-Imperialists Arguments • (1) A moral and political argument: Expansionism was a rejection of our nation’s founding principle of “liberty for all.” • (2) A racial argument: Imperialism was just another form of racism. • (3) An economic argument: Expansion involved too many costs. • Maintaining the armed forces required more taxation, debt, and possibly even compulsory, or required, military service. • In addition, laborers from other countries would compete for jobs with U.S. workers.

  24. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism? (A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers. (B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods. (C) Imperialism is another form of racism. (D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation. Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism? (A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States. (B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy. (C) Imperialism offered a new frontier. (D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.

  25. Debating America’s New Role-Assessment Which of the following was not an argument against imperialism? (A) Foreign workers would compete for jobs against U.S. laborers. (B) Other nations might boycott U.S. goods. (C) Imperialism is another form of racism. (D) Imperialism goes against the founding principles of our nation. Which of the following was not an argument for imperialism? (A) People with non-Western cultures would enrich and strengthen the United States. (B) Access to foreign markets would make a stronger U.S. economy. (C) Imperialism offered a new frontier. (D) Expansion helped to make the United States Navy stronger.

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