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Totalitarianism. Government control over the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens Used both persuasion and intimidation Absolutism in modern form - the state is more important than the individual: No “ consent of the governed ”
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Totalitarianism • Government control over the political, economic, social, intellectual and cultural lives of its citizens • Used both persuasion and intimidation • Absolutism in modern form - the state is more important than the individual: • No “consent of the governed” • No “inalienable,” natural rights • No separation of powers
Perfection, of a kind, was what he was after,And the poetry he invented was easy to understand;He knew human folly like the back of his hand,And was greatly interested in armies and fleets;When he laughed, respectable senators burst with laughter,And when he cried the little children died in the streets.-W.H. Auden, Epitaph On A Tyrant
FASCISM promised to transcend the class struggle by developing a new "corporatism": a planned economy that preserved private ownership of capital. Unlike Bolshevism, Fascism did not overturn the class hierarchy or threaten private capital. But it too featured legally unrestrained government, a single mass party, pseudo-elections, systematic terror, the state monopoly of communications, the manipulation of enthusiasm by propaganda, a centrally directed industrial economy, and charismatic leadership. It was Mussolini who invented and popularized the word "totalitarianism."
Fascism - a subset of Totalitarianism • Ultra-Nationalist - sought expansion of territory for glory or to win mass support • Supported by wealthy landowners and capitalists as a bulwark against communism • Private property, but state controlled and directed
Fascism in Italy • Turmoil after WWI • Peasants seize land • Workers seize factories • Revolution in the air? • Benito Mussolini organizes “Black Shirts” paramilitary squads as an anti-communist organization
Fascism in Italy “March on Rome” (1922) - Mussolini threatens to take over government King invites Mussolini to become Prime Minister
Benito Mussolini loves children a lot. The children of Italy love the Duce a lot. Long live Il Duce !. A salute to Il Duce: Here's to us!".
Fascist Youth. Fascism does not promise you honor, or load you with gain, only duty and combat
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Dawes Plan
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Dawes Plan • Great Depression
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Dawes Plan • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis • Hitler Named Chancellor • Reichstag Fire
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis • Hitler Named Chancellor • Reichstag Fire • Enabling Act
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis • Hitler Named Chancellor • Reichstag Fire • Enabling Act: Suspends Constitution; Hitler can rule by decree
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis • Hitler Named Chancellor • Reichstag Fire • Enabling Act: Suspends Constitution; Hitler can rule by decree • Nazis Take Complete Control of Government • Totalitarianism: Persuasion
"A wonderful task: Reich Labor Service Women's Leader: A job for today!
Tomorrow Belongs to Me The sun on the meadow is summery warm. The stag in the forest runs free. But gather together to greet the storm Tomorrow belongs to me. The branch of the linden is leafy and green The Rhine gives its gold to the sea. But somewhere a glory awaits unseen Tomorrow belongs to me. Oh Fatherland, Fatherland, Show us the sign Your children have waited to see. The morning will come When the world is mine. Tomorrow belongs to me! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMVql9RLP34
Tomorrow Belongs to Me The sun on the meadow is summery warm. The stag in the forest runs free. But gather together to greet the storm Tomorrow belongs to me. The branch of the linden is leafy and green The Rhine gives its gold to the sea. But somewhere a glory awaits unseen Tomorrow belongs to me. Oh Fatherland, Fatherland, Show us the sign Your children have waited to see. The morning will come When the world is mine. Tomorrow belongs to me!
The Path to Nazi Power • Versailles Treaty • Hyper-inflation • Great Depression • Industrialists and Military Support Nazis • Hitler Named Chancellor • Reichstag Fire • Enabling Act • Nazis Take Complete Control of Government • Terror: Concentration Camps - Political Prisons • Terror: Jews as “the Other”: Kristallnacht
I now ask the German people to strengthen my faith and to give me through the strength of its will the strength I need to continue to fight courageously at any time for its honor and its freedom, and to be able to further its economic prosperity. I ask it particularly to support me in my struggle for true peace.
