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Methods

Methods. Inclusion Criteria 60 years of age Community dwelling Willingness to participate Prior medical screening Completion of survey & consent forms. Enlarging or non-operable AA Ventricular arrhythmias Aortic stenosis (severe) End-stage CHF

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Methods

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  1. Methods • Inclusion Criteria • 60 years of age • Community dwelling • Willingness to participate • Prior medical screening • Completion of survey & consent forms

  2. Enlarging or non-operable AA Ventricular arrhythmias Aortic stenosis (severe) End-stage CHF Behavioral agitation exacerbated by exercise Severe dyspnea Abnormal EKG or hemodynamic response associated with exercise Contraindicated ejection fraction Popliteal cyst Uncontrolled arrhythmia Resting HR >120 BPM Resting BP >200/115 mmHg Retinal hemorrhage Recent eye surgery Fever or infection BG <80 mg/dL or >250 mg/dL Unstable angina Resting RR >30 BPM Fracture Severe joint instability Methods Exclusion Criteria: contraindications to resistance training

  3. Methods • Exclusion Criteria • Joint problems or pain precluding participation • Acute or terminal illness • Moderate to severe cognitive impairments • Unstable or ongoing cardiovascular or respiratory issues • Neurological or musculoskeletal impairment • Inability to commit to time of study • Use of medication interfering with participation and safety • Inability to attain testing positions

  4. Methods • Survey & Consent Forms • Short From (36) Health Survey (SF-36) • Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale (SEE) • Activities Based Confidence (ABC) Scale • Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) • Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale (MOS-SSS) • Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) Questionnaire

  5. Methods-Strength • Random Assignment • 1 of 4 groups • Cardiovascular training (CVT) • Resistance training (RT) • Combination CVT & RT (COMBO) • Control (CONRTOL)

  6. Methods-Strength • Testing • Before intervention • 0-3 days post-intervention • 5 weeks post-intervention

  7. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • VO2max • Astrand Rhyming Cycle Ergometer Test • 50 RPM, 6-minutes • Pulse rate last 10 seconds of final 2 minutes • Nomogram to predict VO2max • Age adjusted

  8. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • Hand Held Dynamometry (HHD) • 1RM • Hip extensors, hip abductors, knee extensors, ankle dorsiflexors, ankle plantar flexors, abdominals, paraspinals • Measurement at muscle weakest point per length tension curve • 2 trials, 3 second hold, 15-30 second rest between

  9. Methods-Strength • Testing Measurements • 5 Time Sit to Stand • Arms across chest • Timed • Command “Go” • Time ended when back touched chair

  10. Methods-Strength • RT Group • n = 21 • 1st session • 2x8 repetitions, 60% 1RM - to learn correct technique • Remaining 8 weeks • 3x8 repetitions, 80% 1RM, 2x/week • Concentric <1 second • Eccentric 2-3 seconds • Exercise Sequence • Paraspinals, R hip ABD, PF, L hip ABD, knee extensors, R hip extensors, DF, L hip extensors, abdominals • 1RM recalculated at 4-weeks • Lander’s Prediction Equation • Participants encouraged to perform exercises 1 additional day/week

  11. Methods-Strength • CVT Group • n = 21 • 2x/week, 8-weeks • Stationary Bike or Treadmill • 10-minute warm-up • Exercise 30-minutes, 65-75% Hrmax • Encouraged to complete continuously, allowed breaks as needed • 5-minute cool down • HR, BP, and RPE recorded every 3-5 minutes • Participants encouraged to perform CVT outside of intervention whenever possible

  12. Methods-Strength • COMBO Group • n = 21 • RT 1x/week • CVT 1x/week • Participants encouraged to perform CVT and RT exercise minimum of 1 additional day/week outside of intervention • No RT for 2 consecutive days • CONTROL group • n = 21 • Maintain usual activity for 8-weeks

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