Cherokee Tribe

1. Cherokee Tribe By: EG Social Studies Period 2

2. Location • Lived in Appalachain Mountains. • Towns scattered in modern day North and South Carolina, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, Alabama, Okalahoma • Lived in the South-Eastern region

3. Population Early history- lived in 80+ towns or villages Each town had about 200-250 people Seven Cherokee Clans Lived in three major areas: Upper, Middle, and Lower towns

4. Economy Agricultural based- respected nature, farmed in southern Appalachian region. Hunted mostly deer or bears. Women farmed, men hunted. Little outside contact, traded with Europeans. Traded manufactured goods: metal, glass, cloth, etc. Provided Europeans with deerskin

5. Housing Towns were made up of council house, town square, about 40 homes per town surrounded by fences. Wall structure by weaving tree branches, roofs were made by bark, plastered grass or clay over framework Council houses made up mud and trees. Different style houses for summer, winter. Houses quite large, lived with extended family.

6. Life Now Amount of land owned changed the Cherokee. Business increase allows tribe members to have higher salaries and more benefits. Have more education to prevent past struggles Before, loose government it didn’t matter what race you were. Now, Cherokees are a very racial group. Jobs: Business owners, medical professionals, craftsmen, Cherokee historians.

7. Anglo-Cherokee War 1758 Cause: Cherokee renewed peace treaty, served to remove tribe from white settlements. Returned from French battle in 1757 Cherokee stole white’s supplies. White settlers killed warriors, older Cherokees tried sending peace treaty as war broke out.

8. Anglo-Cherokee War 1758 Effect: The Cherokee lost large amounts of land. Marked turning point in lives. Cherokees had a stronger commitment to the experiences amongst the boundaries.

9. Treaty of Augusta 1773 Cause: Spanish, French, and English tried to colonize Cherokee territory. Cherokee tribes allied with Britain in trading and military. During French-Indian war they allied with the British. British destructed Native towns from policy. Effect: Economies were disrupted. The Cherokee exchanged land to pay off debt. Two million acres in Georgia were abandon.

10. Treaty of Hopewell 1785 Cause: Many battles and conflicts between the Cherokees. The tribe wanted to create peace between rivals. They wanted full protection of their land. The Cherokees thought this would stop all fighting. Effect: The Cherokees gain boundaries for white settlements. Land cessions discouraged tribes from joining other conflicts between Indians and Whites. The Cherokees were able to maintain peace and protection from the U.S. but they followed conditions.

11. Indian Removal Act 1830 Cause: Cherokee had own town in Georgia. They wanted to establish their own government and homeland in Georgia. Georgia’s legislature passed laws disagreeing with Cherokee. Effect: Georgia took over the Cherokee land. Cherokee tribe took the case to Supreme Court. Government passed the Indian Removal Act. Tribes left their homes.

12. Trail of Tears 1838 Cause: The Indian Removal Act caused Cherokee to leave their homes. The Government set program for removal of Native groups to migrate West. Positive- opened many acres of land towards Cherokees and other tribes. Negative- Removed by army, they had possessions to leave their homes and most.

13. Trail of Tears 1838 Effect: Cherokee and other tribes traveled about 800 miles by foot. While on the trail white settlers attacked them stealing most of their things. Over 2,500 people had died.

14. 1842 Slave Revolt Cause: The Cherokee tribe had the largest amount of slaves. They made them work on farms or as servants. Cherokees depended on slaves as bridge to white society. The slaves started a revolt locking their owners in their homes. Effect: Tribe sent militia to bring back slaves, they were headed towards Mexico. Rebellious slaves put to work on steamboats. Cherokees passed laws saying all free African Americans, except former Cherokee slaves, are to leave the nation.

15. Work Cited Burton, Art. “Slave Revolt of 1842”. Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture. Web. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/S/SL002.html "Cherokee." Encyclopedia of Native American Tribes. Ed. Laurie J. Edwards. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 10 Oct. 2012. “Cherokee Houses”. Cherokee. Web. http://www.aaanativearts.com/cherokee/cherokee-houses.htm Conley, Robert. “Cherokees”. Countries and Their Cultures. Web http://www.everyculture.com/multi/Bu-Dr/Cherokees.html “Indian Removal Act of 1860”. Web. http://www.webpages.uidaho.edu/~rfrey/329indian_removal_act.htm Jackson, Ed & Pou, Charles. “This Day in Georgia History”. Georgia Info. The University of Georgia. Web http://georgiainfo.galileo.usg.edu/tdgh-nov/nov28.htm Parker, Matthew. “Cherokee Homes in the 1800’s”. Thomas Legion: The 69th North Carolina Regiment. 2005-2012. Web http://thomaslegion.net/cherokee_home_picture_native_american_indian_house_photo.html /

16. Work Cited Mancini, Richard. Indians of the Southeast. New York: Benford Books Inc. 1992. Print May, Judy & Lambertt, Tery. “Modern Day Life of Cherokee”. The Evolution of Cherokee Culture from the 19th Century to Present Day. Vanderbilt University. Web. https://sites.google.com/site/cherokeeculture/Home/modern-day-life-of-the-cherokee Muller, John. “The Lower Ohio Valley and its Frontiers”. Web http://anthro.siu.edu/muller/dispersion/dispersion.html “New Echota: Cherokee National Capital”. Chapterhouse Inc. 9 May 2006. Web. http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMD14 Olipant, John “Peace and War on the Anglo-Cherokee Frontier, 1756-63.Web http://lsupress.org/books/detail/peace-and-war-on-the-anglo-cherokee-frontier-1756-63 “Pictures of Indians-Drawings and Paintings of Indians. Web http://www.logoi.com/pastimages/indians.html Stewart, Kenneth M. "Cherokee Wars." Dictionary of American History. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. Gale Student Resources In Context. Web. 10 Oct. 2012