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RIB studies for explosive scenarios and future opportunities at FRIB

This presentation discusses pre-solar "nova" grains, conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts, and future opportunities at FRIB. It also explores the decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S and the decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne.

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RIB studies for explosive scenarios and future opportunities at FRIB

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  1. RIB studies for explosive scenarios and future opportunities at FRIB Chris Wrede Department of Physics and Astronomy National Superconducting Cyclotron LaboratoryMichigan State University INPC, Glasgow, Scotland, UK July 30th, 2019

  2. Outline • Are pre-solar “nova” grains from novae? b decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S • Conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts? b decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne • Future opportunities at FRIB (using b decay) eg. FRIB Decay Station; Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique INPC, Jul 2019

  3. Outline • Are pre-solar “nova” grains from novae? b decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S • Conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts? b decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne • Future opportunities at FRIB eg. FRIB Decay Station; Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique INPC, Jul 2019

  4. Pre-solar grains ~1 micron SiC Grain from Murchison meteorite L. Nittler, www.presolargrains.net www.dtm.ciw.edu/users/lrn/psg/types.html INPC, Jul 2019

  5. Classical nova grains Nova Cygni 1992 (in 1994) NASA, ESA, HST Si isotopic ratios are a potential signature of pre-solar classical nova grains S. Starrfieldet al., (1971, 1972) J. Jose et al., Nucl. Phys A777, 550 (2006) Andrew M. Davis, PNAS (2011) INPC, Jul 2019

  6. Nucleosynthesis in novae J. Jose, Proceedings of Science, NIC XI 050 (2011) INPC, Jul 2019

  7. What should a SiC nova grain look like? J. Jose et al., Astrophys. J.612, 414 (2004) INPC, Jul 2019

  8. Populating 30P(p,g)31S resonances with 31Cl decay NSCL E12028 M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 102502 (2016) M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 065803 (2018) M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016) INPC, Jul 2019

  9. Production of 31Cl at NSCL NSCL E12028 M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 102502 (2016) M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 065803 (2018) M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016) 150 MeV/u, 75 pnA36Ar beam, 1.63 mg/cm2 Be target 95% pure beam of up to 9000 31Cl ions per second INPC, Jul 2019 C. Wrede - Slide 9

  10. CloverShareHPGe array NSCL E12028 M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 102502 (2016) M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 065803 (2018) M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016) INPC, Jul 2019

  11. 31Cl(bg) data NSCL E12028 M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 102502 (2016) M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 065803 (2018) M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016) INPC, Jul 2019

  12. 31Cl b decay scheme: a new resonance! • Could be dominant 30P(p,g)31S resonance in novae • Resonance energy 260 keV • Resonance strength wg ~ (1/t)(Gp/G) • Measure lifetimeusing Doppler Shift Attenuation Method (TRIUMF DSL experiment ran Summer 2018) • Measure proton branching ratio using 31Cl bdecay NSCL E12028 M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 102502 (2016) M. B. Bennett et al., Phys. Rev. C 97, 065803 (2018) M. B. Bennett, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2016) INPC, Jul 2019

  13. Measuring Gp/G using 31Cl(bp): Challenge 1 Implanting in a silicon detector yields large b background A. Saastamoinenet al., Phys. Rev. C83, 045808 (2011) Eg. 23Al(bp) Solution: use a gas-filled detector E. Pollaccoet al., NIM A 723, 102 (2013) INPC, Jul 2019

  14. Measuring Gp/G using 31Cl(bp): Challenge 2 Proton emissions could populate excited final states Solution: surround the gaseous detector with g-ray detectors Gaseous Detector with Germanium Tagging (GADGET) M. Friedman, D. Perez-Loureiro et al., NIMA 940, 93 (2019) INPC, Jul 2019

  15. GADGET commissioning: 25Si(bp) spectrum Compare to Silicon detector: J. C. Thomas et al., Eur. Phys. J 21, 419 (2004) NSCL E17023: ran May 2018 M. Friedman, D. Perez-Loureiro et al., NIMA 940, 93 (2019) INPC, Jul 2019

  16. GADGET commissioning: 25Si(bpg) proton-g coincidences GADGET proton-g2D spectrum NSCL E17023: ran May 2018 M. Friedman, D. Perez-Loureiro et al., NIMA 940, 93 (2019) INPC, Jul 2019

  17. First science: 31Cl(bp)30P for 30P(p,g)31S Preliminary Proton Detector spectrum Observe 260 keV protons from new 30P(p,g)31Sresonance NSCL E17024: ran Nov. 2018 Ph.D. thesis project of T. Budner INPC, Jul 2019

  18. Outline • Are pre-solar “nova” grains from novae? b decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S • Conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts? b decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne • Future opportunities at FRIB eg. FRIB Decay Station; Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique INPC, Jul 2019

  19. X-ray burst INPC, Jul 2019

  20. X-ray burst light curve RXTE; Galloway et al., Astrophys. J. 179, 360 (2008) INPC, Jul 2019

  21. Break out from Hot CNO cycles: 15O(a,g)19Ne Figure: H. Schatz M. Wiescheret al., J. Phys. G 25, R133 (1999) C. Iliadis, Nuclear Physics of Stars, 2nd Ed. (2015) INPC, Jul 2019

  22. 15O(a,g)19Ne rate impacts the X-ray burst light curve R. Cyburt et al., Astrophys. J. 830, 55 (2016) INPC, Jul 2019

  23. New idea: b decay of 20Mg to probe key 4.03 MeV 15O(a,g)19Ne resonance ? NSCL E14066 C. Wrede et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 032801(R) (2017) B. E. Glassman et al., Phys. Rev. C 99, 065801 (2019) B. E. Glassman, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2019) INPC, Jul 2019

  24. 20Mg(bpg)19Ne bdecay of 20Mg is a new way to populate the key resonance in the 15O(a,g)19Ne reaction and measure Ga/G. Doppler broadening depends on: 1. Proton energy 2. Lifetime of g-decaying state 3. Stopping power SeGA Protons feeding the 4.03 MeV state of 19Ne have C.M. energy of 1.21(25) MeV. NSCL E14066 C. Wrede et al., Phys. Rev. C 96, 032801(R) (2017) B. E. Glassman et al., Phys. Rev. C 99, 065801 (2019) B. E. Glassman, Ph.D. thesis (MSU, 2019) INPC, Jul 2019

  25. GADGET Phase II Upgrading to time projection chamber to measure 20Mg(bpa)15O through 4.03-MeV 15O(a,g)19Ne resonance to determine Ga/G Simulations E18033 approved by NSCL PAC: to run in late 2020 INPC, Jul 2019

  26. Outline • Are pre-solar “nova” grains from novae? b decay of 31Cl to probe 30P(p,g)31S • Conditions for CNO-cycle breakout in X-ray bursts? b decay of 20Mg to probe 15O(a,g)19Ne • Future opportunities at FRIB eg. FRIB Decay Station; Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique INPC, Jul 2019

  27. Facility for Rare Isotope BeamsA Future User Facility at Michigan State University • Funded by U.S. Department of Energy with contributions and cost share from Michigan State University • Serving over 1,400 users • Key feature is 400 kWbeam power for all ions(e.g. 5x1013 238U/s) • Separation of isotopes in-flight provides • Rapid development time for of any isotope • All elements and short half-half lives • Fast, stopped, and reaccelerated beams INPC, Jul 2019

  28. FRIB Civil and Technical Construction Panoramic view of linear accelerator cryomodules ECR ion sources • Technical construction and commissioning in progress: completed up to first folding segment; rest by 12/2020 • Beneficial occupancy of the FRIB building was achieved 24 March 2017 Linear accelerator INPC, Jul 2019

  29. FRIB Fast Rare Isotope Beam RatesHigh Beam Rates to Maximize Science Reach Rates will ramp up with primary beam power: 2022: 10 kW 2023: 50 kW 2024: 400 kW Projected rates are available at https://groups.nscl.msu.edu/frib/rates/fribrates.html INPC, Jul 2019

  30. FRIB Decay Station (FDS) • Modular system for detection of all decay radiations • Nuclear Astrophysics: Lifetimes, branching ratios, b-decay strength functions, resonance properties, and statistical properties for rp and r process DEGA-3Hen configuration NEXT-DEGA-MTAS configuration https://indico.frib.msu.edu/event/2/attachments/43/209/FRIB_Decay_Station_WP.pdf INPC, Jul 2019

  31. Future with FRIB: PXCT • Currently we need two techniques, b+decay and DSAM, and therefore two separate experiments to measure branching ratios and lifetimes and constrain thermonuclear rates • Applying and extending the Particle X-ray Coincidence Technique (PXCT) based on EC decays at FRIB provides an opportunity to measure both in a single experiment • PXCT can be applied to measure individual resonance strengths or to constrain the transmission coefficients of both the entrance and exit channels for statistical model calculations of thermonuclear rates • Applicable to rp process and p process J. C. Hardy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 37, 133 (1976) R. Cyburt et al., Astrophys. J. 830, 55 (2016) Figures: Lijie Sun INPC, Jul 2019

  32. Summary • 31Cl b decay to ID candidate pre-solar nova grains via 30P(p,g)31S reaction rate: discovered new resonance & studying it further using new detector GADGET • 20Mg b decay to investigate CNO-cycle break out via 15O(a,g)19Ne reaction in type I x-ray bursts: new way to populate key resonance and study with GADGET II • GADGET Phase I is now operational to measure b delayed particle emission branches at NSCL & FRIB: Phase II upgrade initiated • At FRIB, GADGET I and II can be utilized for even more sensitive measurements; FRIB Decay Station will be general-use facility; PXCT will also be implemented INPC, Jul 2019

  33. Collaborating institutions: Funding acknowledgments: U.S. NSF Grant Nos. PHY-1102511, PHY-0822648, PHY-1404442, PHY- 1419765, and PHY-1431052 U.S. DOE Contract Nos. DE-FG02-97ER41020 and DE-SC0016052 U.S. NNSA Contract No. DENA0000979 Spanish MEC Grant No. AYA2010-15685 ESF Grant No. EUI2009-04167 Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada NSCL E12028, E14066, E17023, E17024, E18033, E18057: CEA-Saclay Colorado School of Mines Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics McMaster University Michigan State University National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory University of Notre Dame Oak Ridge National Laboratory UniversitatPolitècnica de Catalunya University of Southern Indiana University of Surrey University of Tennessee Texas A&M University INPC, Jul 2019

  34. Thank you for your attention! INPC, Jul 2019

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