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To continue. Recall: In our study of biology We are considering what I call: LIVING SYSTEMS Highly organized systems of Matter and Energy. In our discussions then, we must Consider the relation of CHEMISTRY to the patterns and processes of LIVING SYSTEMS. The processes of chemisty

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  1. To continue

  2. Recall: In our study of biology We are considering what I call: LIVING SYSTEMS Highly organized systems of Matter and Energy

  3. In our discussions then, we must Consider the relation of CHEMISTRY to the patterns and processes of LIVING SYSTEMS

  4. The processes of chemisty are actually rather straightforward…

  5. Here is chemistry in action!

  6. But…what have we here?

  7. We will end the semester with this, the Universe’s most complex chemical structure, and the “secret of life.” It’s DNA

  8. But the chemistry of a l.s. requires us to consider certain ELEMENTS and their Chemical interactions

  9. Here are most of the elements!

  10. But a l.s. does not concern itself with every one of the approximately 90 naturally occurring elements…

  11. Not this one…

  12. This one…

  13. Carbon, ol’ #6, is the “element of life,” and life is based on the Chemistry of Carbon

  14. So why IS CARBON and its chemistry the basis of Living Systems?

  15. But, then, what ischemistry?

  16. Let’s pause a moment and ask a question…

  17. The Purpose of Life is: • to use matter and energy • b. to survive and reproduce • c. to understand the Universe • d. to use chemical reactions

  18. The Purpose of Life is: • to use matter and energy • b. to survive and reproduce • c. to understand the Universe • d. to use chemical reactions

  19. But what was that we were saying about CHEMISTRY?

  20. We are talking about SPONCH and the “Big C”

  21. I’m a Woodchuck, and I’m full of SPONCH!

  22. SPONCH? The major ELEMENTS found In Living Systems: Sulfur, Phosphorus, Oxygen Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen

  23. In order of abundance: Hydrogen Oxygen (A lot of H2O in a l.s.) Carbon Nitrogen Phosphorus Sulfur

  24. SPONCH and some pals in a l.s.

  25. Quick tour of Chemistry…

  26. You know all about this, don’t you?

  27. ISOTOPES—we’ll meet some of these later. Distinguish from ISOMERS, which we’ll meet today.

  28. Although there is only a handful of different kinds of ELEMENTS in a living system, There are millions of kinds of MOLECULES

  29. Let’s go from ATOMS to MOLECULES via a CHEMICAL REACTION

  30. This one

  31. Hydrogen plus oxygen…

  32. What’s that “Delta G” thingy? It’s the “energy part” of a chemical reaction

  33. A Chemical Reaction Involves the Making or Breaking of bonds, which are Electron Relations Between atoms

  34. A Bond

  35. Those bonds were COVALENT BONDS, (shared pairs of electrons) but there are other kinds of bonds that we can see in some molecules. In particular, Water illustrates the kind of bond called a HYDROGEN BOND

  36. And water is also involved in the chemical condition that we call pH

  37. Let’s pause for a moment…

  38. A molecule is two or more atoms held • together by a/an: • exergonic relation • chemical bond • nuclear reaction • elemental action

  39. A molecule is two or more atoms held • together by a/an: • exergonic relation • chemical bond • nuclear reaction • elemental action

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