INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

1. INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY

2. Definition & Goals • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes • What are the GOALS of Psychology ? – • Describe • Explain • Predict • Control

7. Origins in Critical Thinking • Introspection- • Structuralism - Sensations & Perceptions • Functionalism – Adaptive Functions = Mind • Freud – Unconscious, early events • Gestalt – Perceptions -> analysis of the whole pattern • Behaviorism – Scientific, objective analysis of observable behaviors – environment shapes • Humanism - Maslow– Hierarchy of Needs

9. How do current approaches investigate the questions we have?

10. How do current approaches investigate the questions we have?

11. How do current approaches investigate the questions we have?

12. What types of degrees are there? • Bachelor’s (B.A.) or (B.S.) • Master’s of Arts (M.A.) • Master’s of Science (M.S.) • Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) • Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) • Medical Doctor (M.D.)

13. Specialty Areas in Psychology • Social & Personality – (Clinical Psy) • Developmental – Pregnancy to Death

14. Specialty Areas in Psychology • Experimental – Labs; learning/ experiments • Biological – Genetics/physiology

15. Specialty Areas in Psychology • Cognitive - Information Processing • Psychometric – Measurement

16. Specialty Areas in Psychology • Industrial/Organizational (Ergonomics) – • School – Combination of many of the above

17. Where do Psychologists Work? • Private Practice / Therapy / Counselors – • Academic Settings/Universities Secondary Schools • Mixed othersettings – sports,forensics, HRD • Industrial

18. How do Psychologists Answer Questions? • Survey – • Efficient but may yield bias or inaccurate info • Case Study – • In-depth info versus limited generalizability • Experiment - manipulate variables; cause & effect

19. How do Psychologists Answer Questions? • Interviews – • Standardized Tests –

20. How do Psychologists Answer Questions? • Lab Experiment – • Animal Model – • Naturalistic Setting –

21. What might affect data collection? • Confounding variables – • Self-fulfilling Prophecy –

22. What might affect data collection? • Placebo – • Pill or intervention with no true identified effects • Placebo Effect- • Change in the subject’s behavior due to the belief of being treated

23. What is Correlational Research? • Illustrates an Association or Relationship • Perfect Positive = + 1.00 • Positive - + 0.01 to + 0.99 • Zero - 0.00 (no relationship) • Negative - - 0.01 to - 0.99 • Perfect Negative - - 1.00 ***NOT CAUSE & EFFECT ***

24. Perfect positive correlation (+1.00) No relationship (0.00) Perfect negative correlation (-1.00) ExampleCorrelations

25. Correlation Examples

26. What is the Scientific Process? • Problem – • Hypothesis – • Data Collection, • Statistical Analysis, • Discussion

27. What are Variables? • Independent Variable (IV) – What is being controlled or manipulated by the researcher • Dependent Variable (DV) - Behaviors being measured/affected by the treatment

28. How are subjects grouped? • Experimental Group – Those who receive intervention or treatment • Control Group – No treatment group

29. What is a Double-blind Study? • Double-blind study • ADHD Ritalin Trial (Example)

31. What are the guidelines for human experimentation? • Code of Ethics • Approval, consent, no harm, debriefing • Role of Deception – must be justified, no impact and inform after

32. What are the guidelines for animal experimentation? Much lower #’s than those consumed Major medical advances • Ethical & Supervised by Veterinarians