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Inductive v s Deductive Reasoning. Which one is which?. Important vocabulary. Argument=a conclusion together with the premises which support it Premise=a reason offered as support for another claim Conclusion=the claim being supported by the remise. Pieces to the whole=inductive reasoning.
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Inductive v s Deductive Reasoning Which one is which?
Important vocabulary • Argument=a conclusion together with the premises which support it • Premise=a reason offered as support for another claim • Conclusion=the claim being supported by the remise
Etymology of inductive • in=Latin preposition =in/into • ductive=Latin verb=duco=lead • Inductive=“leads you into”
E.G. • Every mammal that has ever been examined has hair. Therefore, all mammals have hair. • January has always been cold in Siberia. Today is January 14, so it is going to be another cold day in Siberia.
Nota Bene • The beginning of the argument(premise) makes the conclusion likely, but it does not guarantee that the ending(conclusion) will be true.
E.G. • The local branch of the bank was robbed yesterday. Jenny needed money to pay off her gambling debts. She just bought a gun two days ago, and I saw her hanging around the local bank yesterday morning. Today the bookie’s goons stopped looking for Jenny. So Jenny robbed the local bank yesterday.
Etymology of deductive • de=Latin preposition=away from • ductive=Latin verb=duco=lead • Deductive=“leads you away “
E.G. • Smith owns only blue and brown pants. Smith is wearing a pair of his pants today. So Smith is wearing either blue or brown pants today. • The soccer game is on either Thursday or Friday this week. I just found out that the game is not on Thursday, so the game will be on Friday.
Practice • You will receive a colored piece of paper and a white piece of paper. Cut the white piece of paper into sections as marked.
continued • Label one side of the colored paper as “INDUCTIVE” and the other side as “DEDUCTIVE.” • Determine upon which side the argument should belong.
conclusion • AS we check your responses, glue your answers onto the correct side.
Inductive Responses • Six in ten children who are allowed to drink at home with their parents become alcoholics later in life. Therefore, attitudes towards drinking are formed by others near to us. • Every time Mr. Jones has taught Contract Law, students have achieved good results on the exam. This semester, Mr. Jones is teaching Contract Law. Therefore, students will do well in the exam. • After several cakes baked in the same cake pan came out burned, Carl concluded that if he bakes a cake in that particular pan, it will probably come out burned.
Inductive • If a child puts his or her hand into a bag of candy and withdraws three pieces, all of which are red, he or she will concluded that all the candy in the bag is red. • A’s oral contract for sale of land was invalid in Case A. B’s oral contract for sale of land was invalid in Case B. C’s oral contract for sale of land was invalid in Case C. Therefore, all oral contracts for the sale of land are invalid. • A person drives down Andrew Johnson Highway at rush hour several times and finds the traffic terrible each time. Therefore, this is a good road to avoid at rush hour.
Deductive • Taking a person’s life is always wrong. Capital punishment involves taking a person’s life. Therefore, capital punishment is always wrong. • Every human being has rights. John is a human being, therefore, John has rights.
Deductive • The right to self determination of minority peoples is a core part of international law. Therefore, if a majority of Aboriginal Australians vote for self-government, they must be allowed to do so. • Red cars go fast. Jenny’s car is red. Therefore, Jenny’s car goes fast.
