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Chapter 10 Contraception

Chapter 10 Contraception. Historical and Social Perspectives. Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history U.S. Contraceptive Efforts 1800s Comstock Laws 1915: Margaret Sanger U.S. Supreme Court Rulings Griswold vs. Connecticut Eisenstadt vs. Baird.

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Chapter 10 Contraception

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  1. Chapter 10Contraception

  2. Historical and Social Perspectives • Evidence of contraception since the beginning of recorded history • U.S. Contraceptive Efforts • 1800s Comstock Laws • 1915: Margaret Sanger • U.S. Supreme Court Rulings • Griswold vs. Connecticut • Eisenstadt vs. Baird

  3. Contemporary Issues on Contraception • Worldwide contraceptive usage increase • Planning for wanted children • Physical health of mother • Insurance coverage of contraceptives • Population growth • Cultural gender-role expectations • Wide diversity of views among cultures and religious groups

  4. Sharing Responsibility for Contraception • Ask about birth control before intercourse • Read and discuss options together • Attend a class or clinic together • Share expenses

  5. Choosing a Birth Control Method • Consider effectiveness and cost • Consider ease of use and side effects • Characteristics of ineffective use

  6. Hormone-Based Contraceptives 4 Basic Types of The Pills • Combination pill • Triphasic pill • Constant dose • Progestin-only pill

  7. Other Hormone-Based Contraceptives • Vaginal ring • Transdermal patch • Injected contraceptives

  8. Barrier Methods • Male Condom • Sheath fits over erect penis • Female Condom • Worn internally by a female • Additional protection from condoms

  9. Male Condom

  10. Female Condom

  11. Vaginal Spermicides • Can be purchased in pharmacies without a prescription • Types • Foam, sponge, suppositories, creams, contraceptive film (VCF)

  12. Cervical Barrier Devices • Diaphragm • Cervical cap • FemCap • Lea’s Shield

  13. Cervical Barrier Devices

  14. Intrauterine Devices • Affect sperm motility and viability • Thicken cervical mucous • Alter endometrial lining • Impair tubal motility

  15. Intrauterine Devices

  16. Emergency Contraception • Hormone Pills • Birth control pills taken within 72 hours of unprotected intercourse • Copper-T IUD • Inserted up to 5 days after unprotected sex • Access issues and advancement

  17. Fertility Awareness Methods • Standard days method • Mucus method • Calendar method • Basal body temperature method

  18. Sterilization • Most effective method • Leading method in U.S. and the world • Reversal about 50% effective

  19. Female Sterilization

  20. Male Sterilization: Vasectomy

  21. NursingA Less than Effective Method of Birth Control • Amenorrhea is common for a brief period after birth while breastfeeding • 80% ovulate before first period

  22. Withdrawal Before Ejaculation A Less than Effective Method • Difficult to judge when to withdraw • Anxiety may lower pleasure • Cowper’s gland fluid may carry sperm • Any sperm on vulva may travel into vagina/uterus • Unreliable

  23. New Directions in Contraception • Males • Progestin/Testosterone implant or injection • Medication to prevent ejaculation during orgasm • Reversible vasectomy in clinical trials • Females • Non-hormonal methods • Contraceptive vaccine, vaginal ring, spermicide • Spray on contraceptive • Spermicide to protect against STIs

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