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History of the Holocaust

History of the Holocaust. Brief Survey. Ofer Ashkenazi. The Holocaust. “The deliberate, systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews in Nazi dominated Europe between the years 1941-1945” (Ronnie S. Landau). And,

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History of the Holocaust

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  1. History of the Holocaust Brief Survey Ofer Ashkenazi

  2. The Holocaust “The deliberate, systematic murder of approximately 6 million Jews in Nazi dominated Europe between the years 1941-1945” (Ronnie S. Landau) And, The deliberate murder of millions of “enemies” of the Nazi Regime: Roma (Gypsies), East-European civilians, political opponents, “a-social” people, homosexuals, and people with “hereditary disease”

  3. Main Time Periods in the History of the Holocaust: 1. 1933-1939: Nazi Germany: Experimenting with exclusion, persecution, and violence: Von Papen’s Cabinet, January 1933

  4. September 1, 1939: The Outbreak of the Second World War

  5. 1941-1943

  6. 1943-1945

  7. Main Time Periods in the History of the Holocaust: 2. 1939-1942: World War II: Ghettoization and Mass Murder

  8. Mass Killing of Jews in Occupied Eastern Europe in the Fall of 1941: Einsatzgruppen: Killing of Jewish populations in the Baltic territories of the Soviet Union Generalgouvernemant: Belzec.Regeional police chief OdiloGlobocnik initiates a local killing area, for Jews who cannot work Warthegau: regional police chief Koppe and Gauleiter Arthur Geiser initiating a gas-vans site in Chelmno (to kill from the overcrowded Lodz ghetto) Jews are sent from Germany to be killed on arrival in the Baltic states

  9. Decisions from above: September 1941: deportation of Jews to the east will start now, before the end of the war. Logistics + “prophecy” (Hitler’s comments on SS killings) December 12, 1941: Hitler’s party speech. Goebbels’ interpretation is widely circulated: I only wish to be the leading soldier of the Reich

  10. January 1942, The Wansee Conference

  11. Main Time Periods in the History of the Holocaust: 3. 1942-1944: World War II: Systematic Mass Murder Jewish Children in Auschwitz Europe 1939-1945: Concentration and Death Camps “Selection” in Auschwitz

  12. The Holocaust

  13. Neighbors: The Occupied Population and the Holocaust 90% 75-90% 55-60% 20-25% Less than 1%

  14. Main Time Periods in the History of the Holocaust: 4. 1944-1945: World War II: Death Marches and Liberation The death march from Dachau (April 29, 1945)

  15. How Do We Know? / What Do We Know? Official Correspondence of the Nazi Government, Wehrmacht, SS, etc. (Commands, Reports, Speeches, etc.) Gestapo and SD Reports (Public Opinion, etc.) Photographs and Films Diaries of Victims Diaries of Nazi Officials Secretly kept Documentation of life under Nazi Occupation (e.g. “Oneg Shabbat”) Memoirs (Victims, Perpetrator, “Bystanders” and “neighbors”) Collected Testimonies (written or filmed) Fiction

  16. Main Points of Interest/Debates among Contemporary Historians: The “Singularity” of the Holocaust Intentional / “circumstantial”? • The Origins of the Final Solution: • Modernity and its Discontent • Materialist Objectives • The “Special Path” of German History Who made it possible? (Who is Responsible?) “Ordinary Men” / “Willing Executioners”? Nazi leadership? Wehrmacht / SS soldiers? German By-Standers? Non-German collaborators? Jewish collaboration?

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