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De religieuze connectie. Cognitive engineering II. Engineering of Human Cognition.. The Arjan Veringa connection. Perception. cognition. action. Strategies in (spastic) communication. . Abstract word use (Levelt, Clark
E N D
24. Output van de analyse (Praat)
Proefpersoon-code: x blij
N: 746
Median: 159.388862017289
Mean: 182.432672604596
Standard deviation: 111.00171688755
Quantile 90%: 397.418566040441
Quantile 10%: 92.519650497537
delta Quantile: 304.898915542904
Proefpersoon-code: x droevig
N: 887
Median: 104.337808816211
Mean: 135.257805012306
Standard deviation: 109.78115403165
Quantile 90%: 132.530147765804
Quantile 10%: 87.3119374482499
delta Quantile: 45.2182103175541
Proefpersoon-code: x delta's
delta mean: 47.17486759229
delta standaard deviation: 1.22056285589999
Variabiliteit: 259.680705225349
43. Picture word interference bear
47.
Optimising human-computer interaction
Multimedia environments
Non-speech audio
Human-human communication as a starting point
The Stroop/Simon paradigm: how are primary info streams influenced by secondary info streams.
A main task: e.g. pointing in a direction, categorising a picture.
A secondary (competing) task: presence of a stimulus aspect.
A what task: Introduction
48. EarconsMajorMinor
49. Results CombinedWhat and Where in one View
50. Picture word interference bear
51. Picture word interference II
52. Picture Sound categorisation paradigm
Visual categorisation
Categorisation similar to working with interface
pictures (where)
animals
non-animals or musical instruments
additional earcons (what) and auditory icons (where)
trials in blocks
congruent
incongruent
neutral
53.
Auditory Icons.
Congruent
animal major
non-animal minor
Incongruent
animal minor
non-animal major
Neutral
animal major/minor
non-animal major/minor Blocks
54. Earcons
55. Results Earcons
56. Auditory Icons Examples
57. Results Auditory Icons
58. Results Combined
59.
Different levels of processing
feature based/examplar level
animals do that (where)
rule based/conceptual level
animals hardly do that (what)
Different effects of visual categorisation
facilitation
inhibition Conclusions
60. Visuele en auditieve integratie
61. The task set perspective:
"Adopting such a set is to select, link and configure the elements of a chain of processes that will accomplish a task …. In everyday life, we constantly configure and reconfigure elements from our repertoire of cognitive operations and representational capacities to perform now one task, now another (Rogers and Monsell, 1995".
Dual task: Two configurations Active.
Mutual interference measures (RT, errors, mental load) index joint use of resources and endogenous scheduling. General rule: Avoid joint use of resources (e.g. experienced driving and talking)
Stroop task: interference and facilitation measures index relative activation of secondary task with respect to primary task: the possibility to inhibit (perceptual) urges. General rule: avoid competitive secondary information, and especially information that is strongly cued with respect to the same response channel.
69. Switching between tasks.
Task Switch research studies the configuration and reconfiguration of task sets.
For every digit string, repeatedly name the digits in the string,
in the next string count them etc.
444 66 3333 8 99999 00 111 444 66 3333 8 99999
00 111 444 66 3333 8 99999 00 111
Repeatedly, for every digit string count the characters and name the digits.
aaaa 7777 fff 9 ggg 44 j 2222 kkkk aaaa 7777 fff 9
ggg 44 j 2222 kkkk 999 iii
In dual tasks and stroop task no reconfiguration of task sets.
Task switch costs index (we think) the deactivation of one task configuration and the activation of the other. It is the task set with the greatest activation that executes the response. Not you.
86.
87. HRV-data not as expected.
Single task Press button on Screen, be accurate and fast.
Double task : Button has a different letters on top. Count the occurrences of the different letters while pressing the button, be accurate and fast.
Results performance data (RT/ERRORS) as Expected
Results op HRV not as expected:
Expected: single task generates relatively low workload and thus a high HRV while the double task has a high mental load with low HRV.
Data: single task low variability (= high mental load), doubbll task high variability (= low mental load) Mental workload is subject to research for many years. And ever since it is difficult to give conclusive description of the term mental workload.
An academic description is the amount of cognitive resources used, or mental effort invested. But more popular we would like to say: how much thinking is going on. Or how concentrated or alert are people. This definition will be used during the presentation. Now that we know what mental workload is, we can return to our original question and focus on how can we measure mental workload.
During the previous years three techniques have been used.
- Questionnaires are probably well known. (noem plus en min punten op)
- In secondary task performance, the mental loaded task is the primary task. During task performance subjects also have to perform a secondary task. This task is not connected with the primary task. Higher mental load on the primary task will result in performance deterioration of the secondary task. (noem plus en min punten op)
- Last method are physiological measures, were mental workload is related to physiological changes. (noem plus en min punten op).
In this project we focus on these last measures because laboratory studies have shown great results. They have shown to be objective and reproducible in mentally loaded situations. However the methods used in laboratories are jet not very particle because of the equipment they use and the highly controlled environments that are used, that differ very much from real life.Mental workload is subject to research for many years. And ever since it is difficult to give conclusive description of the term mental workload.
An academic description is the amount of cognitive resources used, or mental effort invested. But more popular we would like to say: how much thinking is going on. Or how concentrated or alert are people. This definition will be used during the presentation. Now that we know what mental workload is, we can return to our original question and focus on how can we measure mental workload.
During the previous years three techniques have been used.
- Questionnaires are probably well known. (noem plus en min punten op)
- In secondary task performance, the mental loaded task is the primary task. During task performance subjects also have to perform a secondary task. This task is not connected with the primary task. Higher mental load on the primary task will result in performance deterioration of the secondary task. (noem plus en min punten op)
- Last method are physiological measures, were mental workload is related to physiological changes. (noem plus en min punten op).
In this project we focus on these last measures because laboratory studies have shown great results. They have shown to be objective and reproducible in mentally loaded situations. However the methods used in laboratories are jet not very particle because of the equipment they use and the highly controlled environments that are used, that differ very much from real life.
88. Neuromotor Noise
Mental, emotional and physical load generate more activity in the nervous system.
Part of that activity is noise, random fluctuations in activity that are superimposed on the signal.
Symptoms:
Noise may and disturb the execution of motor tasks.
Symptoms: less accuracy, trembling etc.
Adaptation:
Filtering of the noise to preserve the signal noise ration and to execute the movement within parameters. Filtering mechanisms:
Speed up performance.
Co-contraction of muscles, introducing stiffens in the limb and thus more accurate movement.
Lean on something.
Grip force is part of the neuro-motor noise theory and This theory is developed in the motor-movement field, so everything focuses on movement basically it comes down to this: mental workload and physical stress lead to higher levels of pen pressure, if holding a pencil..
Less basically it works like this: stress leads to activity in the nervous system, and partially this will be unwanted activity, also called noise. Noise leads to deterioration of movement. You start trembling and chances decrease that you will hit your aim, unless you do something about this noise. If this noise would be on the telephone line we would start shouting. With movement we found some other solution, we increase the speed of the movement. This is accomplished by stiffer muscles that are also less influenced by trembling. This can also result in higher forces that are applied to objects held in your hand, but the main result is higher speed.
Sometimes speeding up is not the best solution. In these situations stiffer muscles are accomplished by adding co-contraction. This means that both agonist and antagonist muscles are tensed. This can be compared with driving while braking, you drive very slow, can see everything, but lets hope the gas-station is nearby. Using co-contraction is helpful because it has slow movement speed, is very accurate, but it also diminishes blood flow and if applied for long periods of time without relaxing the muscles, this could lead to serious trouble. It could add to the risk of repetitive strain injury. But for short periods of time it is a very helpful strategy. All the energy in the muscles is not used for speed, but will mainly result in forces applied to the objects held in hand. So when … laatste puntGrip force is part of the neuro-motor noise theory and This theory is developed in the motor-movement field, so everything focuses on movement basically it comes down to this: mental workload and physical stress lead to higher levels of pen pressure, if holding a pencil..
Less basically it works like this: stress leads to activity in the nervous system, and partially this will be unwanted activity, also called noise. Noise leads to deterioration of movement. You start trembling and chances decrease that you will hit your aim, unless you do something about this noise. If this noise would be on the telephone line we would start shouting. With movement we found some other solution, we increase the speed of the movement. This is accomplished by stiffer muscles that are also less influenced by trembling. This can also result in higher forces that are applied to objects held in your hand, but the main result is higher speed.
Sometimes speeding up is not the best solution. In these situations stiffer muscles are accomplished by adding co-contraction. This means that both agonist and antagonist muscles are tensed. This can be compared with driving while braking, you drive very slow, can see everything, but lets hope the gas-station is nearby. Using co-contraction is helpful because it has slow movement speed, is very accurate, but it also diminishes blood flow and if applied for long periods of time without relaxing the muscles, this could lead to serious trouble. It could add to the risk of repetitive strain injury. But for short periods of time it is a very helpful strategy. All the energy in the muscles is not used for speed, but will mainly result in forces applied to the objects held in hand. So when … laatste punt
90.
94. HRV-data not as expected.
Single task Press button on Screen, be accurate and fast.
Double task : Button has a different letters on top. Count the occurrences of the different letters while pressing the button, be accurate and fast.
Results performance data (RT/ERRORS) as Expected
Results op HRV not as expected:
Expected: single task generates relatively low workload and thus a high HRV while the double task has a high mental load with low HRV.
Data: single task low variability (= high mental load), double task high variability (= low mental load) Mental workload is subject to research for many years. And ever since it is difficult to give conclusive description of the term mental workload.
An academic description is the amount of cognitive resources used, or mental effort invested. But more popular we would like to say: how much thinking is going on. Or how concentrated or alert are people. This definition will be used during the presentation. Now that we know what mental workload is, we can return to our original question and focus on how can we measure mental workload.
During the previous years three techniques have been used.
- Questionnaires are probably well known. (noem plus en min punten op)
- In secondary task performance, the mental loaded task is the primary task. During task performance subjects also have to perform a secondary task. This task is not connected with the primary task. Higher mental load on the primary task will result in performance deterioration of the secondary task. (noem plus en min punten op)
- Last method are physiological measures, were mental workload is related to physiological changes. (noem plus en min punten op).
In this project we focus on these last measures because laboratory studies have shown great results. They have shown to be objective and reproducible in mentally loaded situations. However the methods used in laboratories are jet not very particle because of the equipment they use and the highly controlled environments that are used, that differ very much from real life.Mental workload is subject to research for many years. And ever since it is difficult to give conclusive description of the term mental workload.
An academic description is the amount of cognitive resources used, or mental effort invested. But more popular we would like to say: how much thinking is going on. Or how concentrated or alert are people. This definition will be used during the presentation. Now that we know what mental workload is, we can return to our original question and focus on how can we measure mental workload.
During the previous years three techniques have been used.
- Questionnaires are probably well known. (noem plus en min punten op)
- In secondary task performance, the mental loaded task is the primary task. During task performance subjects also have to perform a secondary task. This task is not connected with the primary task. Higher mental load on the primary task will result in performance deterioration of the secondary task. (noem plus en min punten op)
- Last method are physiological measures, were mental workload is related to physiological changes. (noem plus en min punten op).
In this project we focus on these last measures because laboratory studies have shown great results. They have shown to be objective and reproducible in mentally loaded situations. However the methods used in laboratories are jet not very particle because of the equipment they use and the highly controlled environments that are used, that differ very much from real life.
96. Neuromotor Noise
Mental, emotional and physical load generate activity in the nervous system.
Part of that activity is noise, random fluctuations in activity that are superimposed on the signal.
Symptoms:
Noise may disturb the execution of motor tasks.
Symptoms: less accuracy, trembling etc.
Adaptation:
Filtering of the noise to preserve the signal noise ration and to execute the movement within parameters. Filtering mechanisms:
Speed up performance.
Co-contraction of muscles, introducing stiffens in the limb and thus more accurate movement.
Lean on something/someone.
Grip force is part of the neuro-motor noise theory and This theory is developed in the motor-movement field, so everything focuses on movement basically it comes down to this: mental workload and physical stress lead to higher levels of pen pressure, if holding a pencil..
Less basically it works like this: stress leads to activity in the nervous system, and partially this will be unwanted activity, also called noise. Noise leads to deterioration of movement. You start trembling and chances decrease that you will hit your aim, unless you do something about this noise. If this noise would be on the telephone line we would start shouting. With movement we found some other solution, we increase the speed of the movement. This is accomplished by stiffer muscles that are also less influenced by trembling. This can also result in higher forces that are applied to objects held in your hand, but the main result is higher speed.
Sometimes speeding up is not the best solution. In these situations stiffer muscles are accomplished by adding co-contraction. This means that both agonist and antagonist muscles are tensed. This can be compared with driving while braking, you drive very slow, can see everything, but lets hope the gas-station is nearby. Using co-contraction is helpful because it has slow movement speed, is very accurate, but it also diminishes blood flow and if applied for long periods of time without relaxing the muscles, this could lead to serious trouble. It could add to the risk of repetitive strain injury. But for short periods of time it is a very helpful strategy. All the energy in the muscles is not used for speed, but will mainly result in forces applied to the objects held in hand. So when … laatste puntGrip force is part of the neuro-motor noise theory and This theory is developed in the motor-movement field, so everything focuses on movement basically it comes down to this: mental workload and physical stress lead to higher levels of pen pressure, if holding a pencil..
Less basically it works like this: stress leads to activity in the nervous system, and partially this will be unwanted activity, also called noise. Noise leads to deterioration of movement. You start trembling and chances decrease that you will hit your aim, unless you do something about this noise. If this noise would be on the telephone line we would start shouting. With movement we found some other solution, we increase the speed of the movement. This is accomplished by stiffer muscles that are also less influenced by trembling. This can also result in higher forces that are applied to objects held in your hand, but the main result is higher speed.
Sometimes speeding up is not the best solution. In these situations stiffer muscles are accomplished by adding co-contraction. This means that both agonist and antagonist muscles are tensed. This can be compared with driving while braking, you drive very slow, can see everything, but lets hope the gas-station is nearby. Using co-contraction is helpful because it has slow movement speed, is very accurate, but it also diminishes blood flow and if applied for long periods of time without relaxing the muscles, this could lead to serious trouble. It could add to the risk of repetitive strain injury. But for short periods of time it is a very helpful strategy. All the energy in the muscles is not used for speed, but will mainly result in forces applied to the objects held in hand. So when … laatste punt
97. Squeeze mouse
In use no difference with normal mouse:
Direct measure
Unobtrusive
Enables registration of mental stress during the execution of natural tasks.
Co-contraction may play a role in the aetiology of stress related motor problems such as RSI.
No indirect measure such as number of movement or time at the interface.
The actual pressure on the mouse is measured. So we want to measure the force that users apply to the mouse.
One does have two strategies for this.
The first is measuring the muscles directly, this results in EMG, which is a very accurate measure. But this means that you have to put electrodes on the users muscles, that takes a lot of time, because muscles can be very hard to ‘find’ so you need to have some medical knowledge or medical assistance during the experiment.
As we try to find more practical ways to measure these things, we developed a mouse that is sensitive to pressure, but still able to work. The picture shows the inside of the mouse, because that is the most interesting side of the mouse. On the outside there is no difference. Compared to other equipment this is even easier for the researcher, and no medical knowledge is necessary.
- explain short how it works.
This is a prototype and there are some problems with this mouse. One is for example that it is very difficult to calibrate, and so we are unable to say how many grams a user has applied to the mouse. So we want to measure the force that users apply to the mouse.
One does have two strategies for this.
The first is measuring the muscles directly, this results in EMG, which is a very accurate measure. But this means that you have to put electrodes on the users muscles, that takes a lot of time, because muscles can be very hard to ‘find’ so you need to have some medical knowledge or medical assistance during the experiment.
As we try to find more practical ways to measure these things, we developed a mouse that is sensitive to pressure, but still able to work. The picture shows the inside of the mouse, because that is the most interesting side of the mouse. On the outside there is no difference. Compared to other equipment this is even easier for the researcher, and no medical knowledge is necessary.
- explain short how it works.
This is a prototype and there are some problems with this mouse. One is for example that it is very difficult to calibrate, and so we are unable to say how many grams a user has applied to the mouse.
98. Results Grip Force on Squeeze Mouse More grip force in single tasks.
No effect of pacing.
No interaction effect effect.
Dual task seems more relaxing.
Confirms HRV data
Task speed different for single task and double task.
Post hoc:
Find regression of speed on pressure
Detail analysis of segments in movement
#, p< .000 Again we were surprised by the results, but this time on the grip force results. As we would expect co-contraction to be a part of the dual task, we would expect higher grip force values on this task. Surprisingly we found higher values for the single task.
Pacing seamed to have no difference on the grip force. This could be because movement speed was increased.
So again if the dual task would really be the mentally loaded task, we would have expected higher grip force values in this situation. But we were surprised before on this task, wasn’t it. So the grip force data are in line with the HRV data. Again we were surprised by the results, but this time on the grip force results. As we would expect co-contraction to be a part of the dual task, we would expect higher grip force values on this task. Surprisingly we found higher values for the single task.
Pacing seamed to have no difference on the grip force. This could be because movement speed was increased.
So again if the dual task would really be the mentally loaded task, we would have expected higher grip force values in this situation. But we were surprised before on this task, wasn’t it. So the grip force data are in line with the HRV data.
100. Squeeze mouse
Real life, ecologically valid
In use no difference with normal mouse.
Enables registration of mental stress during the execution of natural tasks.
Co-contraction may play a role in the aetiology of stress related motor problems such as RSI.
Direct measure: conceptual valid.
No indirect measure such as number of movement or time at the interface.
The actual pressure on the mouse is measured.
Prototype problems
Hard to calibrate.
Stable within a session, not over longer periods of time. So we want to measure the force that users apply to the mouse.
One does have two strategies for this.
The first is measuring the muscles directly, this results in EMG, which is a very accurate measure. But this means that you have to put electrodes on the users muscles, that takes a lot of time, because muscles can be very hard to ‘find’ so you need to have some medical knowledge or medical assistance during the experiment.
As we try to find more practical ways to measure these things, we developed a mouse that is sensitive to pressure, but still able to work. The picture shows the inside of the mouse, because that is the most interesting side of the mouse. On the outside there is no difference. Compared to other equipment this is even easier for the researcher, and no medical knowledge is necessary.
- explain short how it works.
This is a prototype and there are some problems with this mouse. One is for example that it is very difficult to calibrate, and so we are unable to say how many grams a user has applied to the mouse. So we want to measure the force that users apply to the mouse.
One does have two strategies for this.
The first is measuring the muscles directly, this results in EMG, which is a very accurate measure. But this means that you have to put electrodes on the users muscles, that takes a lot of time, because muscles can be very hard to ‘find’ so you need to have some medical knowledge or medical assistance during the experiment.
As we try to find more practical ways to measure these things, we developed a mouse that is sensitive to pressure, but still able to work. The picture shows the inside of the mouse, because that is the most interesting side of the mouse. On the outside there is no difference. Compared to other equipment this is even easier for the researcher, and no medical knowledge is necessary.
- explain short how it works.
This is a prototype and there are some problems with this mouse. One is for example that it is very difficult to calibrate, and so we are unable to say how many grams a user has applied to the mouse.
101. Results Performance Data This lead to the expected performance data.
Time was still shorter for the single task, and of course users were quicker in the machine-paced task. Interesting is that we forced the users to work 10% faster in the machine-paced task compared to the self-paced task. In the machine-paced single task the total reaction time in the end was 13% faster. However for the dual task, subjects were able to decrease task completion time with 28%, 18% more than we asked for.
This is even more surprising if we take a look at the pointing errors that were made. Still the number of errors was high in the single task. The increase however was dramatic for the machine-paced single task.
So the effects of pacing were minor on the task completion time in the single task (only small decrease in task completion time) but major on the errors. This was exactly the reverse for the dual task. Major decrease in task completion time, but small effects on the errors.
This supports our idea that the pace for the single task is high in nature and very slow in the dual task.This lead to the expected performance data.
Time was still shorter for the single task, and of course users were quicker in the machine-paced task. Interesting is that we forced the users to work 10% faster in the machine-paced task compared to the self-paced task. In the machine-paced single task the total reaction time in the end was 13% faster. However for the dual task, subjects were able to decrease task completion time with 28%, 18% more than we asked for.
This is even more surprising if we take a look at the pointing errors that were made. Still the number of errors was high in the single task. The increase however was dramatic for the machine-paced single task.
So the effects of pacing were minor on the task completion time in the single task (only small decrease in task completion time) but major on the errors. This was exactly the reverse for the dual task. Major decrease in task completion time, but small effects on the errors.
This supports our idea that the pace for the single task is high in nature and very slow in the dual task.
102. Results HRV Lower HRV for single task**
no effect of pacing and interaction
similar results as previous experiments
**, p< .05 Hrv data only support what we already expect, lower variability on the single task.
There was also no effect of pacing on the hrv-data.Hrv data only support what we already expect, lower variability on the single task.
There was also no effect of pacing on the hrv-data.
103. Results Grip Force on Squeeze Mouse More grip force in single tasks.
No effect of pacing.
No interaction effect effect.
Dual task seems more relaxing.
Confirms HRV data
Task speed different for single task and double task.
Post hoc:
Find regression of speed on pressure
Detail analysis of segments in movement
#, p< .000 Again we were surprised by the results, but this time on the grip force results. As we would expect co-contraction to be a part of the dual task, we would expect higher grip force values on this task. Surprisingly we found higher values for the single task.
Pacing seamed to have no difference on the grip force. This could be because movement speed was increased.
So again if the dual task would really be the mentally loaded task, we would have expected higher grip force values in this situation. But we were surprised before on this task, wasn’t it. So the grip force data are in line with the HRV data. Again we were surprised by the results, but this time on the grip force results. As we would expect co-contraction to be a part of the dual task, we would expect higher grip force values on this task. Surprisingly we found higher values for the single task.
Pacing seamed to have no difference on the grip force. This could be because movement speed was increased.
So again if the dual task would really be the mentally loaded task, we would have expected higher grip force values in this situation. But we were surprised before on this task, wasn’t it. So the grip force data are in line with the HRV data.
104. Results Post Hoc Regression analysis R (and R²) for double tasks higher
Equal speed gain ‘costs’ more force in double tasks
105. Conclusion
HRV data and Grip Force data measure the same construct with respect to the tasks
HRV is useful for non motor tasks but is not easy to apply
Grip force as measured by the squeeze mouse seems a useful device for “safe” mousing.
Where and what types of action (counting and moving) can influence one another in a double task
Measurements with Mouse feed back into the neuro motor noise theorie: modulates the relevance with respect to practical applications.
110. Visuele en auditieve integratie
111. The task set perspective:
"Adopting such a set is to select, link and configure the elements of a chain of processes that will accomplish a task …. In everyday life, we constantly configure and reconfigure elements from our repertoire of cognitive operations and representational capacities to perform now one task, now another (Rogers and Monsell, 1995".
Dual task: Two configurations Active.
Mutual interference measures (RT, errors, mental load) index joint use of resources and endogenous scheduling. General rule: Avoid joint use of resources (e.g. experienced driving and talking)
Stroop task: interference and facilitation measures index relative activation of secondary task with respect to primary task: the possibility to inhibit (perceptual) urges. General rule: avoid competitive secondary information, and especially information that is strongly cued with respect to the same response channel.
112. Switching between tasks.
Task Switch research studies the configuration and reconfiguration of task sets.
For every digit string, repeatedly name the digits in the string,
in the next string count them etc.
444 66 3333 8 99999 00 111 444 66 3333 8 99999
00 111 444 66 3333 8 99999 00 111
Repeatedly, for every digit string count the characters and name the digits.
aaaa 7777 fff 9 ggg 44 j 2222 kkkk aaaa 7777 fff 9
ggg 44 j 2222 kkkk 999 iii
In dual tasks and stroop task no reconfiguration of task sets.
Task switch costs index (we think) the deactivation of one task configuration and the activation of the other. It is the task set with the greatest activation that executes the response. Not you.
113.
Trauma & Taal (PTST).
Kun.
Klinische ?, N.I.C.I - HRF, Fysiology
Method: integration Through Exposure.Compare to “emdr”
Measuring instruments:Sud scales (Subjective measures).Narrative structure (Fragmentation, Tone, Cohesion, dissociation etc.)Speech signal: F0 variabilitye etc.
Pilot
115.
116. Pitch “happy mood”.
117. Output van de analyse (Praat)
Proefpersoon-code: x blij
N: 746
Median: 159.388862017289
Mean: 182.432672604596
Standard deviation: 111.00171688755
Quantile 90%: 397.418566040441
Quantile 10%: 92.519650497537
delta Quantile: 304.898915542904
Proefpersoon-code: x droevig
N: 887
Median: 104.337808816211
Mean: 135.257805012306
Standard deviation: 109.78115403165
Quantile 90%: 132.530147765804
Quantile 10%: 87.3119374482499
delta Quantile: 45.2182103175541
Proefpersoon-code: x delta's
delta mean: 47.17486759229
delta standaard deviation: 1.22056285589999
Variabiliteit: 259.680705225349
118. Research.
The alternating runs task switch paradigm.
AABBAABBAABBAABB etc.
Switch Cost=
MEAN (RT(AB)+RT(BA)) - Mean(RT (AA)RT(BB)).
Switch Costs index exogenous and endogenous costs.
If preparation longer than e.g. 1 sec. no further switch cost reduction is observed. What remains is residual exogenous switch cost.
switch costs are not observed "if the to-be-performed tasks are uniquely cued by stimulus type within the experimental context (Arbuthnott and Frank, 2000)".
General rule: try to avoid non unique cueing. E.g., if switching between editors, situate them at distinct locations on your screen.
123. Near infrared spectroscopy: from single channel towards multi-channel optical topographyWilly N.J.M. ColierUniversity Medical Center Nijmegen, The Netherlandsin co-operation with Marco van der Sluijs, Marco Ferrari, Valentina Quaresima, Jan Menssen, Jannet Mehagnoul, Bas van der Kallen, Rüdiger Wenzel, Arno Villringer, Jaap de Vries, Berend Oeseburg
124. Functional Brain Mapping Methods employed
PET
(Vascular response)
fMRI
(Vascular response)
EEG and MEG
(Neuronal response)
Optical Imaging
(Vascular response)
126. NIRS: Instrumentation (1)
127. NIRS: Instrumentation (2)
128. NIRS: Principles (1) Optical
Non-invasive
Continuous
Direct feedback
Regional
Relatively simple
Based on Lambert-Beer law
129. NIRS: Principles (2)
130. 12 Channel: Brain Imaging (2)
131. Example NIR tracing
132. Dual Channel: Applications (1)
133. Dual Channel: Applications (2)
134. Dual Channel: Applications (3)
135. Multi-Channel NIRS: Optical Topography
136. Comparison fMRI-fNIRS (2)
157. Schrijfspoor Origineel (MvH)
158. Pendruk origineel (MvH)
159. Spanning in MMI Worden wij Borgs?
160. Kunstmatige Inteligentie Cognitiewetenschap
Psychologie
Informatica
172. The virtual workbench
173. Augmented Reality
174. Situational Awareness
175. Van GSM naar handhelds
176. Wireless Fingering
177. Steve Mann from MITstarring asCyberman
178. Is dit alles………..
180. Wordt het al spannender?
181. Doven kunnen weer horen
182. Blinden kunnen weer zien!
183. De geheugen-chip
184. Trends for the future
185. Ubiquitous Computing
186. Our current home environment
187. Our home tomorrow
188. Back to HCI right now:Handwriting recognition
189. Back to HCI right now: Image Retrieval
190. Vind je dit leuk?
191. Groep1:Handschriftherkenner dScript
192. Groep 2:Image retrieval