Smart Grid and Electric Vehicles Instructor: Nicholas F. Maxemchuk Members: Yingjie Zhou Chen Wang Xiangying Qian

1. Smart Grid and Electric VehiclesInstructor: Nicholas F. MaxemchukMembers: YingjieZhouChen WangXiangyingQian

2. Power distribution becomes an important issue when power demand exceeds power supply . • As electric vehicles get more popular, for a period of time, there could be a shortage of power generating facilities. In order to allow the use of electric vehicles grow at a normal rate, it is necessary to look for some techniques to charge all vehicles as fairly as possible. • Our objective is to find out and compare different types of fairness schemes so as to meet the customers’ needs to a great extent. Recap the Project

3. Schedule

4. 1. Set up simulation environment: • information of electric vehicles • charging habits • power on smart grid 2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin 3. Obtain some results using two metrics: • the fraction of electric vehicles without sufficient charge on departure • the average departure delay Progress

5. 1. Set up information of electric vehicles • Battery limit: 100 miles – 28kwh • Charge mode: 120V 15A – 1.8kw or nearly 6.5miles at maximum power Baseline System

6. 1. Set up charging habits • Total number of person leaving home to go to work every half hour during a day  time shift (8am corresponds to 6pm) • The arrival of electric vehicles is poison process: arrival rate  interarrival time satisfies exponential distribution. • Plug-in time for an electric vehicle is Gaussian distribution truncated to 2 deltas. (mean=14 delta=4, unit: hour) • The departure process is obtained accordingly. Baseline System

7. 1. Set up charging habits – contd. • Desired distancesatisfies exponential distribution truncated to [20, 90] miles  desired energy • Current battery level is uniformly distributed between 0% to 30% of full battery energy. • Energy needed is calculated based on demand  the amount of charging periods (5 minute switch on/off intervals) for each electric vehicle Baseline System

8. 1. Set up power • Summer daily load profile sampled hourly. Baseline System

9. 1. Set up power – contd. • Peak ratio supplied power • Penetration  available power per hour  available power per 5 minute • Charge mode  the number of electric vehicles that is able tobe charged per 5 minute • Daily power distribution power distribution for a period Baseline System

10. 2. Realize the basic fairness scheme – Round Robin • Round Robin based system works in the way that – If 20 cars waited to be charged, and the power company can merely charge 15, then in the first 5 minute it will charge cars 1 to 15, in the second cars 16 to 20 and 1 to 10, in the third cars 11 to 20 and 1 to 5, and so on so forth. • Eventually each car receives the same charge. • In real implementation, run round robin every 5 minute to achieve real-time coordination. • Two cases: sufficient power/ insufficient power for all cars in the waiting list Baseline System

11. 2. Round Robin algorithm • Create a waiting list based upon arriving times of the cars that need to be charged. • Check which of the two cases applied. • Charge a fixed number of cars in the front of the waiting list. • Update the cars’ information. • Update the waiting list: adding new arrivals, removing the cars that finish charging and reordering the waiting list. Baseline System

12. 3. Obtain some results using two metrics: • Run the baseline system for successive days. • Take the measurements from the day to ensure correct and reasonable initializations. • Take the measurements till day to enforce all cars departing by the end of measurements, so that we can tell the particular delay for a car if its departure is delayed. • Two metrics with tuned input arguments: number of days and penetration Baseline System

13. Results

14. Results

15. Results

16. Any Question? Thank you very much!