The Puritans & The Massachusetts Bay Colony

1. The Puritans & The Massachusetts Bay Colony

2. Key Terms • Religious Persecution • Religious Tolerance • Joint Stock Company • Great Migration • Congregations • Meetinghouse • Town Meetings • “New England Way” • Dissent • Banish • Roger Williams • Anne Hutchinson • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Quakers

3. I can… • Identify push & pull factors of early colonists. • Trace the development of religious diversity in the colonies & how religious freedom evolved. • Describe the interaction between Native- Americans and European colonists

4. 1455 Gutenberg Printing Press Why was this invention so important?

5. The Protestant Reformation What major change occurred with the church during this time period?

6. The King • The King said people MUST follow the Church of England (or the Anglican Church.) Why would it have been so important to the King for people to follow his order?

7. Purtians • Puritans wanted to rid (or purify) the church of “popish” traditions • They were persecuted for their beliefs (can’t hold office, fines, etc.)

8. Puritans • Wanted to reform the Church of England • Sought a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company (joint-stock company) to settle in New England • Many Puritans invested $ in the company Why would this be important?

9. The Great Migration • The period of time from the 1620s to 1640s when tens of thousands of Puritans left England • 14,000 migrated to Massachusetts

10. Leader of the Great Migration Served as governor for 19 years Puritans believed they had a calling from God to lead a new religious experiment John Winthrop & The Massachusetts Bay Colony

11. “We shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us” • What did Winthrop mean by this?

12. The New England Way • Set up self-governing congregations • “Congregationalists” • Each congregation chose its own minister and set up its own town with a meetinghouse • Valued • Hard Work • Education • Representative Government

13. Voting • Only “Freemen,” male church members could vote • Meaning any male church member • NOT a democracy! ONLY Puritans Why were women not included?

14. Religious Services • Very Influential • Life was hard and hell was a place where sinners shriveled and shrieked in vain for divine forgiveness. • How do you think children were treated during this time period?

15. Meetinghouse • Most important community building • Religious services AND town meetings were held here • At town meetings… • LAND GRANTED TO NEWCOMERS • PEOPLE APPOINTED TO TASKS • WAGES SET FOR JOBS, PRICES, ETC. • If memberships were too large to fit in the meetinghouse, what do you think they did?

16. Dissent • (def.): 1. Differ in opinion; disagree 2. Difference of opinion; disagreement 3. Refuse to conform to the rules and beliefs of an established church: • The Puritans’ dissent caused their separation from the Church of England.

17. Discussion Questions • Do you think that the Puritans would have been more or less likely to exclude or persecute someone from their Puritan community after being excluded and persecuted themselves in England? Why or why not? • Are YOU more or less likely to exclude or persecute someone after you have experienced similar circumstances yourself?

18. Puritan Dissent • The Puritans didn’t believe in freedom of religion and didn’t tolerate dissent.

19. Religious Tolerance vs. IntoleranceFOR Tolerance “It doth grieve my spirit to hear what sad things are reported daily of your tyranny and persecutions in New England, as that you fine, whip, and imprison men for their consciences.” –Richard Saltonstall “Forced worship stinks in God’s nostrils.” -Roger Williiams, minister p. 70 Comparing Perspectives

20. Religious Tolerance vs. IntoleranceAgainst Tolerance “He that is willing to tolerate any religion…either doubts of his own or is not sincere in it.” -Nathaniel Ward, minister “We have here Presbyterian churches as well as Congregational…Only we are (reluctant) to be blown up and down…by every wind of new notions.” -John Cotton, minister p. 70 Comparing Perspectives

21. Roger Williams • Salem Minister • Said colonists didn’t have the right to take away Indian land by force • No one should be forced to attend church • The Puritans should not impose their religious beliefs on others • Said government shouldn’t have any power over religious matters (separation of church and state)

22. Rhode Island • Warned many times to stop preaching about these beliefs since he was challenging the colony’s charter and the laws of the Church and State • He refused and ordered banished back to England • Escaped with some followers • Founded Rhode Island in 1636 “Rogue Island” • Founded the 1st Baptist Church • Stood for religious freedom • Tolerated all Christian denominations and Judaism

23. Anne Hutchinson • Women were excluded from meetings, so Anne Hutchinson held weekly meetings in which she spoke about her beliefs • Women were banned from acting as religious or government leaders • She believed in “predestination” which means your fate has already been decided and said that you did not need the help of ministry • Her beliefs challenged religious leaders and the basis of the commonwealth

24. More Difficulties • She refused to stop talking about her beliefs or to change them • Charge with treason and brought to trial while pregnant with her 16th child • Banished and went to Rhode Island, argued with people there and headed to New York • Hutchinson and all but one of her children were killed by Indians.

25. Quakers • After reading “A Quaker’s Fight for Religious Freedom” and “History Makers: Mary Dyer” on page 71, Be able to explain… • Why the Quakers came to America. • Why the Puritans persecuted them. • The significance of Elizabeth Hooton and Mary Dyer.

26. Democratic Traditions • Congregational churches of the Puritans were self-governing • In Massachusetts, Puritan men elected the governor and the legislature • Voting rights were expanded in Massachusetts and Connecticut • In the New England countryside, towns controlled their own affairs • Town meetings became a symbol of local self-government & New England became famous for its democratic practices

27. Connecticut • Identify the Founder of Connecticut AND the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

28. Colony Chart Directions: Begin to complete your colony chart with the following colonies. • Roanoke • Jamestown • Plymouth • Massachusetts Bay • Rhode Island • Connecticut • New Hampshire

29. Quiz Prep: Jamestown, Plymouth, & Massachusetts Bay • Headright • John Rolfe & Pocahontas • Tobacco • Indentured Servants • Africans • House of Burgesses • Royal vs. Proprietary Colony • Saints vs. Strangers • Pilgrims • Mayflower Compact • Squanto • Thanksgiving • Puritans & Great Migration • The New England Way • Meetinghouses & Town Meetings • Identify and Describe the beginnings of democracy in the colonies • Explain the interactions between colonists and N-As

30. Quiz Prep: Dissenters • Dissenters • Banished • Roger Williams & Anne Hutchinson • Quakers • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • Democratic Traditions