It’s 1945…. True or false?

1. It’s 1945….True or false?

2. False – equality It’s 1945….True or false? True False – Clement Atlee (Labour Party) True False – they earn the most True – why is this a problem? True False – he died in April 1945  Now Harry Truman (the one who decided to drop the atomic bomb)

3. What was the impact of the Cold War on the political environment 1945-49? LOs: 1. To recall the key differences between Cold War Ideologies 2. To explain the impact of the Second Red Scare on domestic politics 3. To explain the impact of Cold War events on the domestic politics Capitalism = Where all factors of production (industry, business and agriculture) are owned by private individuals or firms who run them for their own profit. Communism = Where all factors of production (industry, business and agriculture) are owned by the state for the good of everyone

4. Capitalism = Where all factors of production (industry, business and agriculture) are owned by private individuals or firms who run them for their own profit. Communism = Where all factors of production (industry, business and agriculture) are owned by the state for the good of everyone

6. What appears to be driving each change? Given that Russia is so backwards industrially, is it likely that a Capitalist society could exist?

7. Who are the three leaders and what they are doing. What is the cartoon suggesting? What might each leader want? Predict what problems this may cause for the people in these countries.

8. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/ideologicaldifferences_video.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir2/ideologicaldifferences_video.shtml

9. SALAMI TACTICS (1945–48) ‘Slice-by-slice’, Stalin ensured all Eastern European countries had Communist governments • Albania (1945) – the Communists took power after the war without opposition • Bulgaria (1945) – the Communists executed the leaders of all the other parties. • Poland (1947) – the Communists forced the non-Communist leaders into exile. • Hungary (1947) – Russian troops stayed / Stalin allowed elections (non-communists won a big majority)/ Communists led by the pro-Russian Rakosi./ Rakosi demanded that groups which opposed him should be banned./ He got control of the police, and arrested his opponents./ He set up a secret police unit, the AVH. • Romania (1945–1947) – the Communists gradually took over control. • Czechoslovakia (1948) – the Communists banned all other parties/ killed their leaders. • East Germany (1949) – Russians turned their zone into German Democratic Republic. • What does this evidence suggest about whose fault the Cold War was? • Do you think this was entirely the case?

10. The USA and Britain rigged elections in Greece, Italy & France to stop communists winning, despite the fact that lots of people wanted to vote for them! In response, the USSR set up the Warsaw Pact, a military pact to protect communist countries against the West. The West created NATO in 1949 as an alliance for Western European countries to protect themselves against communists.

11. Who do the historians think started it? Arthur Schlesinger “The roots of the Cold War lay in Stalin's excessive paranoia and the Russian's adherence to an uncompromising Leninist ideology. There was little the United States could have done to change the course of events…… Russia had major recovery problems and security fears; perhaps American policy was sometimes rigid. But responsibility for post-war confrontation lies squarely in Moscow” 1950s-60s Late 1960s-70s (what’s going on in the USA at this time?) Gar Alperovitz: “The blame for the Cold War is placed with the Americans for their use of the atomic bomb –Truman decided to drop the bomb as a means to intimidate the Soviet Union.   William Appleman Williams “America’s chief aim in the years after the war was to make sure that there was an "open door" for American trade. This led the American government to try to make sure that countries remained capitalist countries like the USA”

12. 1980s onwards John Lewis Gaddis “Both America and Russia wanted to keep the peace after the war but that conflict was caused by mutual misunderstanding, reactivity, and above all the American inability to understand Stalin's fears and need to defend himself after the war.”

13. Task: Read Kennan’s Long Telegram on page 177. What does it suggest about the Soviet Empire’s intentions? How might this change American attitudes towards the USSR? Challenge: Read the summary on Kennan’s impact. Why did Truman use this as a basis for his foreign policy?! https://youtu.be/yzcZBFlmLoA?t=1482

14. Task: Using pages 24-25 What was and what were the reasons for the Second Red Scare? Create a timeline of the key events in the Second Red Scare Challenge: Read the summary of Cold War historiography. How far do you agree with this argument?

15. Homework Must - Finish your timeline: Create a timeline of the key events in the Second Red Scare 1945-53 Should - Read the chapter with the timeline on the front ‘Why did the Cold War begin’ – Complete the focus route tasks on pages 171 and 177 Could - Wider reading!