Cognitive processes

1. Engineering Psychology Cognitive processes attention – thinking – imagination – memory – creativity – problem solving Jakub Jura Jakub.jura@fs.cvut.cz http://users.fs.cvut.cz/~jura/ing-psych/

2. What is Cognitive? • From latin cognoscere = getting to know • Distinguish emotional and rational • Descarte’s „Cogito ergo sum“. BLACK BOX GREY BOX stimulus response F(s) Mental processes mediate between stimulus and response.

3. Cognitive processes • Base Cognitive processes: • Perception • Sensation • Attention • Thinking • Imagination • Memory • Learning • Advanced Cognitive processes • Creativity • Problem solving • metacognition

4. Object available information Actual world Samples Modify Schema of environment Exploration Locomotion and action Cognitive map Directs Cognitive functions Sensation, Perception, Attention, Memory, Imagination, Thinking, Learning • How we process an information? • Human cognition as a complex system • Model of cognitive functions

5. Model of Cognitive functionsUnified Modeling Language

6. Cognitive model Memory Thinking Creativity Sensation Perception Attention Imagination

7. Memory Remains from 200 ms to 500 ms Repeating • Sensoryregistr • George Sperling • (200 – 500 ms) • Short-term memory • George Miller • 7±2 chunks • Chunking process (recoding) • Long-term memory • Hippocampus • Memory processes: • Imprint • Retent • Remember • Recognise Sensory processes Sensory register Perceptual processes Long term memory Short term memory Selective filtering

8. Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve • R = e-t/s • R … memory retention • s … relative strenght of memory • t … time 45 % 35 %

9. Serial-positioning effect • Which of the syllable you remember easily? • Initialy • Final • Out of serial-positioning effect: • Meaningfull • Related to myself • Connected to my activity

10. Memory test • How big is capacity of you visual memory? Redraw this figure maximaly precisely

11. Memory test

12. Imaging Constructive and Reconstructive processes and eyes movement. • Imagine yellow elephant with red dots. • Imagine what did you eat last evening.

13. F Experiment 3 - Mental rotation • How many times you need to read rotated sign. R B A L M Q T Internal and external time problem. Time need to read the letter.

14. Completing square test 11 18

15. Attention • Orientation reflex • Orientation activities • Bourdon test • d2 test Capacity Fluency Trend

16. Divided attention 5 C 1 B 2 D A 4 E 3

17. Thinking • J. P. Guilford: • Convergent production - generation of logical conclusions from given information, where emphasis is upon achieving unique or conventionally best outcomes. It is likely that given (cue) information fully determines the outcome as in mathematics and logic. • Divergent production - generation of logical alternatives from given information, where emphasis is upon variety, quantity, and relevance of output from the same source.

18. Intelligence scale

19. Problem solving • Interconect all of this 9 point by the 4 segments of a line non-stop.

20. Phases of the creative process • Initiation • Data collection and analysis of a initial situation. • Preparation phase • Incubation • Increasing of complexity. • Multiplication of relations. • Interpretation phase. • Ilumination • Emergence of the solution. • Verification • Reintegration of peices of knowledge.

21. E. Rossi – creative phase

22. Mind Mapping Clarification or externalization of the mental representation of the given domain. The mind map is Tony Buzan’s mean of visualization of mental contents of a given (usually in the center of the map placed) theme.

23. Metacognition • Thinking about thinking (exactly cognition about cognition) • First-level metacognition • Second-level metacognition

24. Distribuce pozornosti • Identifikace parametrů PID (nebo obecně modelu regulátoru) při regulaci a autoregulaci duševní činosti • Například napouštím dvě nádoby vodou a reguluji výšku hladiny na danou hodnotu