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Minerals

Minerals. Day 3 Student Notes Quiz Monday!. MINERALS. Elements are the basic building blocks of minerals ! But what is a mineral ? Naturally Occurring Solid Substance Orderly Crystalline Structure Definite Chemical Composition Generally considered inorganic.

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Minerals

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  1. Minerals Day 3 Student Notes Quiz Monday!

  2. MINERALS • Elementsare the basic building blocks of minerals! • But what is a mineral? • Naturally Occurring • Solid Substance • Orderly Crystalline Structure • Definite Chemical Composition • Generally considered inorganic

  3. MINERALS – Is it a mineral? • Why would ice be considered a mineral, but water would not? • Is coal considered a mineral? Explain. • When you “grow a crystal” from a kit, are you creating a mineral? Explain. • Name a mineral that you know of – use the definition of a mineral to write a sentence verifying it is a mineral.

  4. Mineral Formation • Minerals are formed in a few ways: • Crystallization from magma • Precipitation • Pressure and Temperature (within the earth) • Hydrothermal Solutions Minerals formed by the crystallization of magma

  5. Mineral Formation • For each of these ways a mineral is formed, the bottom line is that elements are bonding together. • Today we are going to talk about the how they are categorized according to which elements are bonded together.

  6. Mineral Formation • Mineral Groups • Minerals can be classified based on their composition. • We will discuss 6 mineral groups today and how you can know which groups minerals belong to based on their chemical composition.

  7. 2.2 Minerals 1. Silicates • Silicon and oxygen combine to form a structure called the silicon-oxygen tetrahedron. This silicon-oxygen tetrahedron provides the framework of everysilicate mineral.

  8. 2.2 Minerals 1. Silicates • Use the periodic table to find the symbol for Silicon. • Use the table to find the symbol for oxygen. • Whenever you see these symbols together in a compound it will be classified as a silicate. • Example: Orthoclase Feldspar - KAlSi 3O 8 • What other elements do you see in this compound? • Other examples: Quartz – SiO2

  9. SiO2 - Quartz– used to make glass and gemstones. It is one of the most abundant minerals found on earth!

  10. KAlSi 3O 8 - Feldspar – makes porcelain and china

  11. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 2. Carbonates • Minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen, and one or more other metallicelements • Aragonite – a collectors item

  12. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 3. Oxides • Minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements, which are usually metals

  13. Oxides Ice and snow Zincite – used in semiconductors

  14. Mineral Groups 2.2 Minerals 4. Sulfates and Sulfides • Minerals that contain the element sulfur 5. Halides • Minerals that contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements 6. Native elements • Minerals that exist in relatively pure form • Name 3 examples of Native Elements:

  15. Sulfides Galena – mined for lead Pyrite – “fool’s gold” – mined for iron

  16. Applying Mineral Groups To which mineral group do each of the following minerals belong: • Bornite (Cu5FeS4) • Cuprite (Cu2O) • Magnesite (MgCO3) • Barite (BaSO4) Answer individually, after 5 minutes you will compare with a partner.

  17. Mineral Formation Answer the following questions: • Name the first four major groups of minerals, and give at least two examples of minerals in each group. • Compare and contrast oxides and silicates.

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