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Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia. Ch. 9 & 11. Symptoms of Depression. Major Depression. Dysthymic Disorder. 5 or more symptoms including sadness or loss of interest or pleasure. 3 or more symptoms including depressed mood. At least 2 weeks in duration. At least 2 years in duration.

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Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia

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  1. Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia Ch. 9 & 11

  2. Symptoms of Depression

  3. MajorDepression Dysthymic Disorder 5 or more symptoms including sadness or loss of interest or pleasure 3 or more symptoms including depressed mood At least 2 weeks in duration At least 2 years in duration Number of symptoms Duration

  4. Subtypes of Depression • w/Melancholic features • w/Psychotic features • w/Seasonal patterns • w/Catatonic features • w/Atypical features • w/Postpartum onset Andrea Yates

  5. Prevalence and Prognosis Among adults, 15-to-24-year olds are most likelyto have had a major depressive episode in the past month. Depression is less commonamong children than among adults. Depression may be most likely to leave psychological and social scars if it occurs initially during childhood, rather than during adulthood

  6. Age Differences in Depression Percent with major depression in last month Age (in years)

  7. Biological Theories • Genetic • Neurotransmitter • Neurophysiological abnormalities • Neuroendocrine abnormalities

  8. Risk of Bipolar Disorder Percent with bipolar disorder

  9. Bipolar Disorder • Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II • Bipolar I – depression & mania • Bipolar II – depression & hypomania • Cyclothymic Disorder Living with Bipolar Disorder

  10. Psychological Theories of Mood Disorders Behavioral Theories Lewinsohn’s theory Learned helplessness theory Cognitive Theories Aaron Beck’s Theory Psychodynamic Theory Introjected hostility Dependency on others’ evaluations

  11. Social Perspectives • The Cohort Effect • Social Status • Cross-Cultural Differences

  12. Biological Treatments • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) • Light Therapy • Drug treatments • Lithium, antipsychotics (Bipolar Disorder) • Antidepressants • Tricyclic • SSRIs • MAOIs

  13. Psychological Treatments for Depression Behavioral Therapy Increase positive reinforcers and decrease aversive events by teaching the person new skills for managing interpersonal situations and the environment Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Challenge distorted thinking and help the person learn more adaptive ways of thinking and new behavioral skills Psychodynamic Therapy Help the person gain insight to unconscious hostility and fears of abandonment to facilitate change in self-concept and behaviors

  14. Schizophrenia • Positive Symptoms: Type 1 • Delusions • Persecutory • Delusion of Reference • Grandiose Delusions • Hallucinations • Disorganized Thought and Speech • Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior

  15. Schizophrenia • Negative Symptoms: Type II • Affective Flattening • Alogia • Avolition

  16. DSM-IV Criteria for Schizophrenia • A. Core symptoms: two or more of the following present for at least a 1-month period 1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized speech 4. Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior 5. Negative symptoms

  17. DSM-IV Criteria for Schizophrenia, continued • B. Social/occupational functioning: significant impairment in work, academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and/or self-care • C. Duration: continuous signs of the disturbance for at least 6 months; at least 1 month of this period must include symptoms that meet Criterion A.

  18. DSM IV Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder • An uninterrupted period of illness during which, at some time, there is either a major depressive episode, a manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms that meet Criterion A for schizophrenia.

  19. DSM IV Criteria for Schizoaffective Disorder, continued • B. During the same period of illness, there have been delusions or hallucinations for at least 2 weeks in the absence of prominent mood symptoms. • C. Symptoms that meet criteria for a mood episode are present for a substantial portion of the total duration of the active and residual periods of the illness

  20. Prognosis of Schizophrenia • Age and Gender Factors • Sociocultural Factors

  21. Biological Theories of Schizophrenia • Genetic Theories • Structural Brain Abnormalities • Birth Complications & Prenatal Viral Exposure • Neurotransmitter Theories

  22. Schizophrenia – Ventricle Abnormalities

  23. Treatments for Schizophrenia • Biological Treatments • Behavioral, Cognitive and Social Interventions • Cross-Cultural Treatments

  24. Theories of Schizophrenia

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