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PSYC3450 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

PSYC3450 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. Alla Chavarga Tuesdays 9:00-11:20am 2412J or 6:10-8:30pm 432-IA Email: alla.chavarga@gmail.com LABS: MW 6:10-9:45pm 3106J Kravitz MW 6:10-9:45pm 4109J Ergun  TR 11:30-3:05pm 3106J Fein  TR 11:30-3:05pm 4109J Hazan. Theory in Psychology.

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PSYC3450 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY

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  1. PSYC3450 EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY Alla Chavarga Tuesdays 9:00-11:20am 2412J or 6:10-8:30pm 432-IA Email: alla.chavarga@gmail.com LABS: MW 6:10-9:45pm 3106J KravitzMW 6:10-9:45pm 4109J Ergun TR 11:30-3:05pm 3106J Fein TR 11:30-3:05pm 4109J Hazan

  2. Theory in Psychology CHAPTER 6 Lecture Outline The nature of theory Theory and data Attributes of good theories The story of Clever Hans

  3. THE NATURE OF THEORY • Theory: Summarizes, organizes, explains, provides basis for predictions regarding a particular phenomenon • Includes constructs  hypothetical factors not observed directly; involved in the attempt at explanation e.g., cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957) • The relationship between theory and data • Hypotheses deduced from theory; reasoning from general statements to make predictions (hypotheses) • Outcomes/data provide or fail to provide inductive support for theory • (Theories are never “true”; more like “working truths” or “true until proven false”)

  4. THE NATURE OF THEORY Attributes of good theories Productivity Good theories produce much research and advance our knowledge 01 Falsification Good theories can be shown to be wrong 02 Parsimony Good theories are concise and provide a simple explanation for results 03

  5. THE NATURE OF THEORY Clever Hans: The story • Wilhelm Von Osten believed that horses would prove to be as intelligent as people if only they were given a proper education • Spent 4 years tutoring Hans using a method from German schools • Hans could answer questions about history, arithmetic, etc even in languages he could not understand. Hoof tapping. • Oskar Pfungst : psychologist

  6. Clever Hans Wilhelm van Osten and his horse, Hans. Germany, beginning of 20th century.

  7. THE NATURE OF THEORY Misunderstandings about theories: • “It’s not a fact; it’s only a theory.” • “It’s just a theory; there’s no proof.” • “Here’s my theory about that.”

  8. Exam 1 50 Multiple-choice questions • Know your EMPLID# • 10 of these are graph questions: you should know how to look at a graph and determine which effects are likely there • Countdown timer • Example-based vs. definition-based questions

  9. Exam 1 You measure your cat’s temperature using a thermometer. The first time, it reads 50-degrees F, then a second later it reads 200-degrees F and a second later 0 degrees F. Your thermometer is: Reliable and valid Reliable and invalid Unreliable and valid Unreliable and invalid Your friend is convinced that the Earth is flat, so she sends you 50+ articles all discussing evidence from a flat-earth perspective. She doesn’t even bother to read the many more articles that exist discussing evidence for a round earth. This is an example of: Availability heuristic Confirmation bias Belief perseverance schema

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