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Fundamentals of Oceanography

Fundamentals of Oceanography. By: Alison Duxbury Alyn Duxbury Keith Sverdrup. Chapter 3. Plate Tectonics. Overview. The Interior of the Earth The Lithosphere and Asthenosphere History of a Theory Evidence of a New Theory Evidence of Crustal Motion Plate Tectonics

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Fundamentals of Oceanography

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  1. Fundamentals of Oceanography By: Alison Duxbury Alyn Duxbury Keith Sverdrup

  2. Chapter 3 Plate Tectonics

  3. Overview • The Interior of the Earth • The Lithosphere and Asthenosphere • History of a Theory • Evidence of a New Theory • Evidence of Crustal Motion • Plate Tectonics • Divergent Boundaries

  4. Overview (cont.) • Transform Boundaries • Convergent Boundaries • Continental Margins • Rates of Motion • Hot Spots • The Breakup of Pangaea • Research Projects

  5. The Interior of the Earth • Seismic waves • P-waves • S-waves • Inner core • Outer core

  6. The Interior of the Earth (cont.) • Mantle • Crust • Moho • Granite • Basalt

  7. The Lithosphere and Asthenosphere • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Mesosphere

  8. History of a Theory • Gondwanaland • Continental drift • Pangaea • Laurasia

  9. Evidence of a New Theory • Ridges • Magma • Trenches • Seafloor spreading • Subduction zones • Plate tectonics

  10. Evidence of Crustal Motion • Epicenters • Cores • Sediments • Dipole • Curie Temperature

  11. Evidence of Crustal Motion (cont.) • Paleomagnetism • Polar reversals • Polar wandering curve

  12. Plate Tectonics • Plate tectonics • Divergent plate boundaries • Convergent plate boundaries • Transform boundaries • Transform faults

  13. Divergent Boundaries • Rift valley • Pillow basalts

  14. Transform Boundaries • Fracture zone • Fracture zone vs. transform fault • Transform faults joining boundaries

  15. Convergent Boundaries • Ocean - Continent convergence • Benioff zones • Ocean - Ocean convergence • Island arc • Continent - Continent convergence

  16. Continental Margins • Trailing, or passive margin • Leading, or active margin • Terranes

  17. Rates of Motion • Spreading rate • Examples of spreading rates and locations

  18. Hot Spots • Hot spots • Seamounts • Subsidence

  19. The Breakup of Pangaea • History of the breakup • Histories of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea • Possible fates of the North Atlantic and North Pacific

  20. Research Projects • Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) • JOIDES Resolution • Hydrothermal vents • Vents program • RIDGE (Ridge-Disciplinary Global Experiments) program • Mantle Electromagnetic and Tomography (MELT)

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