Main Function: Detach Soil from Fabric

1. Institute of IID Innovative Design detergents action selective action soil textile Main Function: Detach Soil from Fabric Detergents must be selective

2. Institute of IID Innovative Design detergents Detachment Force Bonding Force Detachment Force Must be Greater than the Bonding Force Main Function textile

3. Perfume Enzymes Bleach Surfactants Institute of IID Innovative Design detergents E E B P S S S S S S S S S S H2O textile Enzymes Surfactants

4. Perfume Enzymes Bleach Surfactants Institute of IID Innovative Design E B B P P S S S S S S S S textile Perfume Bleach

5. Institute of IID Innovative Design S S textile

6. Institute of IID Innovative Design To remove soil from fabric SurfActant SurfActant SurfActants Harmful functions • Transfer dye • Place Surfactant complexes in fabric matrix • Place "Surfactant + Soil" complexes in fabric matrix • Form complexes with hardness ions Ca2+, Mg2+ • Deactivate enzymes • Form suds

7. Institute of IID Innovative Design ENZYMES ENZYMES To destroy soil Enzymes Harmful functions • Destroy fabric • Develop allergic response

8. Institute of IID Innovative Design BLEACH Bleach To oxidize soil Harmful functions • Destroy fabric • Destroy rubber parts of machine • Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine

9. Institute of IID Innovative Design To form hydrophylic surface on fabric Antiresorber Harmful functions Antiresorber • Form compound with fabric that does not destroy in rinsing • Soil fabric (with time, in deposition)

10. Institute of IID Innovative Design Builders Harmful functions Builders To soften fabric (prevent hydrogen bonds from forming between fabric fibers in washing and drying processes) • Soil fabric (with time, in deposition) • Suppress activity of Brightener

11. Institute of IID Innovative Design Water Harmful functions Water • To dissolve detergent components • To transport surfactant molecules to “soil - water” interface • To wash soil away from fabric • To transport soil from machine • To remove surfactant from fabric • Remove dye from fabric • Add hardness ions into washing solution • Cause corrosion of steel parts of machine • Penetrate in fabric fibers in swelling • Form suds

12. Institute of IID Innovative Design Ca2+ Mg2+ Water Harmful functions Hardness ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) We are water’s friends ! • Form complexes with surfactant • Form compounds with fatty acids • Form compounds with central atoms • Deposit on clays

13. Institute of IID Innovative Design detergents 1. The force of action of surfactant on soil has long reached its limit. INTEGRAL DRAWBACKS OF DETERGENTS IMPEDING THEIR FURTHER ADVANCE Why?

14. Institute of IID Innovative Design • Quantum-mechanical • interactions underlying • the “hydrophily- • hydrophoby”effect • are completely • exhausted denying • further increase of • physical-chemical • properties of surfactants. detergents

15. Institute of IID Innovative Design SurfActant detergents 2. Use of surfactants generates a need to use water as a solvent and necessitates subsequent rinsing and drying for a long time, As a result the dies are washed out, fibers are damaged and fabric is deformed.

16. Institute of IID Innovative Design BLEACH BLEACH ENZYMES ENZYMES detergents This makes sense until the sum of positive properties gained is larger than the sum of payment- undesirable effects. Current ratio is as follows: positive functions - 28%, negative - 55%, auxiliary - 17% (these functions are useless in washing) Attempts to improve the effect of surfactants (application of bleach, enzymes) have brought into being detergents of modern complicated formulations. Each new component added slightly improved the main function, but at the same time brought about new undesirable effects. To suppress these effects new components were added, and so on. Can this go on to infinity?

17. Institute of IID Innovative Design Variation of composition of builders Builders - the same New principles of Washing/cleaning Change physical- chemical principle of detachment of soil separate feed of builders under program Replace a part of components for new Builders for new solvents, Physical fields microbiology Avenue to increase Main function Degree of novelty To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function To introduce new elements with enlarged useful function To separate contradictory properties In time and space To eliminate Sources of harmful functions To enhance useful functions of remaining builders Principle of solution Result NEW PROCESSES IMPROVEMENT OF PROCESS

18. Institute of IID Innovative Design • 1. Patent studies of the recent 25 years • have demonstrated the field of detergents • to have to parallel interrelated processes: CONCLUSIONS Decreasing functional surplus in each new formulation as compared to the formulations of the 70s; in recent 3-5 years the formulations differ only in names of substances, their functional significance being almost identical. • Increasing number of patented formulations • indicative of the aspiration of manufacturers • to expand business, develop new trade marks;

19. Institute of IID Innovative Design CONCLUSIONS Interrelation of these processes is obvious (TIPS has found it in numerous engineering systems): the less valuable is the heuristic solution obtained, the higher is the wish to compensate the quality of patents by their quantity. TIPS calls this period in the life of a system “aging of the system”. This suggests a necessity to pass over to fundamentally novel solutions.

20. Institute of IID Innovative Design • 2. Cooperation with washing machine manufacturers to increase the synergism of combined effect of mechanical and chemical factors is not beneficial for P&G - improved mechanical factor will have good effect on every detergent. CONCLUSIONS Only a slight probability exists that the mechanical factor can be changed so and such new components for detergents can be added that their sum will bring forth a pronounced jump in synergism, In this case the changes in the washing machine must be determined by a certain “X” component that will need a different method of activation to reveal its effect. Thus, first it is necessary to find this “X” component and next consider versions of changes in mechanical activation.

21. Institute of IID Innovative Design • 3. P&G is interested to manufacture a chemical product for household washing, so, major efforts should be focused to find new detergent formulations. CONCLUSIONS

22. Institute of IID Innovative Design 4. A “fundamentally novel solution” for detergents means to abandon components that impair the process (deteriorate other components, deteriorate fabric). Components that perform corrective and auxiliary functions have to be abandoned. New components to make improve detachment of soil form fabric must be added CONCLUSIONS

23. Institute of IID Innovative Design 5. Preliminaryanalysis demonstrates that: CONCLUSIONS A) Along with surfactants it is required to use other substances detaching soil (e, g, triple systems “water-intermediate solvent-organic solvent”); B) Bleach as a substance devoid of selective action has to be excluded from the formulation or its action must be strictly selective; C) Enzyme types must be more numerous to enlarge the range of their action on soil types, to meet economic requirements their effect must be strictly selective; D) The washing process must use little water with higher concentration of acting components and shorter (to prevent fibers from swelling); limit low-water process is to steam out the fabric components with previously deposited on it (steam fed through a nozzle can be a source of ultra-mega-hypersound, at this); E) Movement of washing liquid through fabric must be unilateral to exclude recurrent deposition of soil (soil held by filter in the circulation loop).