THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE “Sick Man of Europe” – Czar Nicholas II Multi-ethnic empire RUSSIAN EMPIRE

1. THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE “Sick Man of Europe” – Czar Nicholas II Multi-ethnic empire RUSSIAN EMPIRE Multi-ethnic empire AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Multi-ethnic empire STEPS TO WAR

2. WHAT WERE IMMEDIATE CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I?

3. STEPS TO WAR • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand • Reformer “Triple Monarchy” • June 28, 1914 • GavriloPrincip • Black Hand • Pan-Slavism

4. The Assassination: Sarajevo

5. Who’s To Blame?

7. The Assassin: GavriloPrincip

8. STEPS TO WAR • Ultimatum • Austria = destroy Serbia as a state • Germany unlimited support ‘Blank Cheque’ • July 28, Austria declares war on Serbia • July 29, Russia Mobilization • August 1, Germany declares war on France • August 3, Germany declares war on Russia • August 4, Britain declares war on Germany

9. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

10. Two Armed Camps Allied Powers: Central Powers:

11. SCHLIEFFEN PLAN

12. German Atrocities in Belgium

13. Mobilization • Home by Christmas! • No major war in 50 years! • Nationalism! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!

14. A Young Australian Recruit

15. Recruits of the Central Powers A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother Austro-Hungarians

16. New French Recruits

17. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

18. MULTI-FRONT WAR

19. MULTI-FRONT WAR • Western Front • Eastern Front • Italian Front • Gallipoli Front • Mesopotamian Front • Palestinian Front • War at Sea • African Wars • The Far East

20. The War 1914-195: Illusions & Stalemate • European attitudes toward the beginning of war • Failure of the Schlieffen Plan • First Battle of the Marne, September 6-10, 1914 • Russian Failures • Battle of Tannenberg, August 30, 1914 • Battle of Masurian Lakes, September 15, 1914 • Austrian Failures • Galicia and Serbia • Germans come to Austria’s aid

21. BATTLES • Marne – Sept. 1914, Germans 30 miles outside Paris 500,000 casualties • Verdun - February 1916 – each side 500,000 casualties • Somme – July 1916 – 60,000 soldiers killed in one day, 5 months, 1 million casualties

22. Battle Scene in Northern France

23. Battle of the Marne (sept 1914 • After Germans came within sight of Paris, French and British forces pushed German forces back • Led by General Joseph Joffery

24. Marne • Allies attack Germans in the Marne River Valley • Used every soldier available • 600 Taxi Cabs were used to send 6000 troops to the front

27. Marne • 4 days after Battle of the Marne starts, the Germans begin to retreat. • Germans driven back 60 miles • Battle of Marne – most important event of war • Schlieffen Plan in ruins • No quick war • Russia coming in from East • Two Front War!

28. The War 1916-1917: The Great Slaughter • Trench warfare • “No-man’s land” • “Softening up” the enemy • Battle of Verdun, 70,000 lost • Battle of the Somme, 1916 • Heaviest one-day loss in World War I

29. Verdun – February, 1916 • German offensive. • Each side had 500,000 casualties.

30. The Somme – July, 1916 • 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. • Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

31. The Somme American Cemetery, France 116,516 Americans Died

32. Trench Warfare in France

36. Sacrifices in War

37. War IsHELL !!

38. War IsHELL !!

39. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

40. Map 25. 2: The Western Front, 1914-1918