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Classical Greece Politics and Philosophy

Kalen Kattestad Southmoore High School World History. Classical Greece Politics and Philosophy. Political Terms from Greek . Kratien – “to rule”– “ cracy ” Archon– “ruler”– “ archy ” Mon (one) = Monarchy Di (two) = Diarchy (Sparta had a dual king system) Demo (people) = democracy

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Classical Greece Politics and Philosophy

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  1. Kalen Kattestad Southmoore High School World History Classical GreecePolitics and Philosophy

  2. Political Terms from Greek • Kratien– “to rule”– “cracy” • Archon– “ruler”– “archy” • Mon (one) = Monarchy • Di (two) = Diarchy (Sparta had a dual king system) • Demo (people) = democracy • Aristo (best) = aristocracy • Olig (few) = oligarchy • An (none) = Anarchy • Theos (god) = Theocracy • Pater (father) = Patriarchy

  3. Citizenship in Athens • ARE YOU A CITIZEN? Are You a Man? Are You a Foreigner? Yes Are You a Slave? No NO Yes Not a Citizen Yes No Do You own Land? No CONGRATULATIONS!! You Might be a CITIZEN!! Yes

  4. Politics of Athens • DRACO: Codified the laws in 621 BCE. • Very harsh penalties—Mostly death (draconian) • Addressed blood feuds in the case of homicide. • SOLON: Reformer. Elected 594 BCE. • Outlawed debt slavery • Extended Citizenship to some foreigners • Economic Reforms.

  5. Politics of Athens • PERICLES: The Golden Age Statesman • Instituted Direct Democracy (where every citizen gets a vote) • Gave a Stipend ($$) to Assemblymen • Allowed the poor to serve • Allowed for Juries which were chosen by lot • Ostracism was a procedure to banish “threats to Democracy”

  6. Athenian Democracy • ASSEMBLY (polis) was divided into 3 areas: • 1. Boule: Council of 500 • Handled the day to day work of the Assembly • Slept in the Tholos (near the Bouleuterion) to be ready in case of emergencies. • Served one year terms and were chosen by lot. • 2. Courts and Juries • 3. Ecclesia • Assembly of all citizens • Met three times a year to debate really important issues and vote on laws. • Could vote to ostracize once per year.

  7. Athenian Democracy The Speaker’s Platform at Pynx Hill. Pynx Hill: Where the Ecclesia would meet to discuss laws and issues facing Athens

  8. Athenian Democracy • 1 Peristylar Court 2 Mint 3 Enneacrounos4 South stoa5 Heliaea6 Strategeion7 ColonosAgoraios8 Tholos9 Agora stone 10 Mnmtof the Eponymous Heroes 11 Old Bouleuterion12 New Bouleuterion13 Temple of Hephaestus • 14 Temple of ApolloPatroos15 Stoa of Zeus 16 Altar of the Twelve Gods 17 Royal stoa18 Temple of AphroditeUrania19 Stoa of Hermes 20 Stoapoikile

  9. Athenian vs. US Democracy Athenian United States • Direct Democracy • Citizenship is limited • Meets 3 times a year • Can Ostracize or Ban People they don’t Like. • Great emphasis is placed on people who speak well. • Demostenes Speech DNC Obama Speech RNC Romney Speech

  10. Classical Greece PhilosophyGreek Thinkers

  11. Greek Philosophy • Earliest school is the Sophist. • Questioned accepted ideas • Debated ethics and morality • What’s the best government? • What’s the basis of morality? • What is right and what is wrong? • Developed the art of rhetoric. • The art of skillful speaking • More emphasis on the debate process than the truth of what was being said.

  12. Greek Philosophy • Sophists were critiqued by SOCRATES • 470 BCE to 399 BCE • Wrote no books—words written by his students. • Developed the Socratic Method • Emphasis on questions and examining the answers • “Know Thyself” • “The unexamined life is not worth living.” • Executed for corrupting the youth of Athens. • At age 70, was tried for corruption and failing to respect the gods. • His emphasis on questioning was a threat to tradition and rules. • Method of execution was hemlock—a deadly poison.

  13. Greek Philosophy • Socrates’ most famous student was PLATO • 428 BCE – 328 BCE • Founded The Academy • Taught students with an emphasis on reason and thought. • Wrote The Republic • Distrusted democracy (b/c of what happened to Socrates) and came to believe the state should regulate citizens’ lives.

  14. Plato’s Ideal Society Philosopher-King Talented women could be educated to serve the State as well.

  15. Greek Philosophy • Plato’s most famous student was ARISTOTLE • 384 BCE – 322 BCE • Developed the idea of The Golden Mean • A moderate course between extremes • Also suspicious of democracy because he felt it might lead to mob rule. • Wrote prolifically on many subjects including biology, ethics, logic, literature and politics. • Early proponent of the Scientific Method • School was called The Lyceum • Taught Alexander the Great • Books continue to be used in Universities

  16. Greek Philosophy • Hellenistic Era Philosophies • 1. Cynics—Diogenes • Ignore social conventions, avoid luxuries, live a simple and humble life as citizens of the world • 2. Epicurians—Epicurus • Eat, Drink and Be Merry! • Avoid pain, seek pleasure. • Avoid politics and excess. • 3. Stoics—Zeno (most influential) • Nature is an expansion of divine will; follow natural law. • Happiness comes when we achieve great things. • Politics should be virtuous acts for the good of all; Not for Gain!

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