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Explore the historical and economic development of Shanghai and its transformation from a manufacturing city to a global innovation and creative center.
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Goal, Positioning and Transformation Course for Shanghai Metropolitan Area Institute for Urban and Demographic Development, SASS Jian Lileeken2007@163.com BRICS+CityLab，Moscow，8 Dec 2016
Location of Shanghai • Shanghai is situated at the alluvial plain of the Yangtze River Delta. Bordering on Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces on the west. • Shanghai is washed by the East China Sea on the east and Hangzhou Bay on the south. • In the North of the city, the Yangtze River pours into the East China Sea.
Before 1949 • In 1930s, Shanghai was the biggest city in Far East Area. • Chinese economy center. Both of it’s manufacturing production and financial volume accounted for more than 30% of the whole country. • And the trade even accounted for 56%（Zhenming Ge, 2005）。
Before 1949 • With Ⅱ world war broke out, Shanghai has declined. But it still was one of the most important cities in Far East. • After the War, the headquarter of Economic Cooperation Center in Far East was established in Shanghai. It proved Shanghai’s important role in Far East Area.
1949-1990 • After PRC founded in1949, the economic policy and international environment changed. • Central government: • (1)All the agencies of financial services, trade services and business services move to Beijing to strengthen the economic development controlment. • (2) New development policy: Taking agriculture as basic industry, taking manufacturing as leading industry. • Shanghai government: • “Changes from a consumption city to a production city”. • International environment: • Cold War: closing the door to the world.
1949-1990 • From 1953 to 1958, Shanghai has built 8 suburban industrial parks, just like Gaoqiao(Chemistry), Zhoujiadu(Steel), Qingning temple(shipbuilding), Wujiaochang and Pengpu(Machine manufacturing), Taopu and Beixinjing(Chemistry), Caohejing(Instrument industry) 。 • These industrial parks are 2-3 kilometers away from urban center. • From 1949 to 1958, the proportion of industrial structure has changed from7.2∶47.1∶45.7to 3.8∶67.6∶28.6. • Shanghai changed its development track: From a commercial and financial city to a manufacturing city.
1949-1990：biggest manufacturing city in China • Until to Pudong’s development and opening up in1990, Shanghai has become the biggest manufacturing city in China, and provided one eighth industrial output of the whole country.
1949-1990： serious problems • After 1980s, as first provinces to promote the reform and opening-up policy, Guangdong, Zhejiang have got a quick development. • At this stage, Shanghai confronted many problems in urban development, including economic growth, urban construction, Social security system and so on. • The expansion of central city connecting with industrial satellite cities. • Disorder of urban functional zone. • Traffic congestion. • Housing shortage. • Environmental pollution.
1990-2000: “four centers” • In October 1992, Chinese Communist Party's Fourteenth meeting put forward that Shanghai should “take Pudong development to lead further opening-up for cities near the Yangtze River, make Shanghai as one of the international centers of economy, finance, and trade ASAP, and lead regional development ”. • In 1996, primer Li Peng inspect Shanghai and proposed Shanghai should also be the international shipping center.
1990-2008: “four centers” • Shanghai aimed at New York, London, Tokyo and other such global cities. It meant that Shanghai should change itself from a manufacturing city to a Productive service industry city. • In December 1992, Shanghai municipal government proposed the “321”strategy-prior to develop the tertiary industry. • From 1992 to 2000, stock market, futures market, foreign exchange market, real estate market, technology market and labor market were all built. 1986 2014 2016
The economic development from 1980s Changes of the Sectors in GDP of Shanghai
The economic development from 1980s Growth of FDI IN Shanghai. In 2014, the FDI reached $18.6 billion.
The economic development from 1980s Contribution Ratio of FDI to the Economic Growth of Shanghai Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2014.
2000-2008: Unbalanced development • But in this transformation process, the regional development is unbalanced. • Some districts based on service industry in the past including Huangpu, Luwan, Changning, Jingan, Xuhui made great achievements in economic development. • But some other districts Including Yangpu, Putuo, Zhabei based on manufacturing industry in the past faced hard difficulties to transform.
After 2008: the new goal • “The Third Industrial Revolution”/ ”Industrial Revolution 4.0” inspired Shanghai. • Innovation and creativity have been popular in Shanghai in recent years. • In February and May 2014, President Jinping XI inspects Shanghai twice. He put forward Shanghai should be a “global innovation center for sciences and technology” in the future.
After 2008 : the new goal • Also, in recent years, There are some studies on ranking of competitiveness for international cities. Shanghai scored low in some indicators about soft power compared to cities in developed countries, including culture, environment, public service and so on. • Shanghai municipal government put forward that Shanghai would be a international cultural megalopolis to promote urban soft power.
Cultural and innovative parks 1933 Old factory square The biggest slaughter house
Innovation Districts Innovation and Intelligence Space From Old city to
