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University of Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Architecture and Planning

Event Name : The 6th Safety & Fire Protection Conference and Exhibition under the theme " Compliance to Standards is a National Demand" Presentation Title: Case Study for the Application of Fire Protection Codes in General Hospital Building “Hail General Hospital, SA”

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University of Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia College of Architecture and Planning

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  1. Event Name: The 6th Safety & Fire ProtectionConference and Exhibition under the theme "Compliance to Standards is a National Demand" Presentation Title: Case Study for the Application of Fire Protection Codes in General Hospital Building “Hail General Hospital, SA” Done By: Dr. Eid Salem Al-Dossary Engr. Ghanem M. Banhidarah November 2016 University of Dammam Kingdomof Saudi Arabia College of Architecture and Planning Department of Building Engineering 1437143/8 2016/2017

  2. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Introduction Do not lose sight of the importance of safety in all areas of life and increasingly important if the target sector is vital and important, and even dangerous because of the many risk factors and vulnerabilities such as laboratories and medical waste and various biological and evacuations and emergencies that could occur and exposed to hospitals. Fig.1 Systems Integration in Hospitals Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: buildingsolutions.honeywell

  3. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References History of Fires in Hospitals Data on selected hospital fires in the Latin American and Caribbean region and around the world during 21 century are presented in Table 1below. Table 1: Selected Examples of Hospital Fires Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: Hospital Fire Prevention and Evacuation Guide,Washington, D.C. 2014

  4. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Local Case “Jizan” general hospital The fire started in the first floor (ICU) due to electrical shortcut. According to the reports injury count has reached 123. The absence of the fire protection systems and the defects in the design of the buildings with someclosed fire exits doors caused the difficulty of controlling the fire and evacuating. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: sudianews.com/news/24-12-2015

  5. What people do not know about Building Engineering ? • Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References • The specialtyof building engineering department is linking between architecture, planning and building environment on one hand, and between other engineering sciences involved in the construction process, structural, mechanical, electrical engineering, and construction management on other hand. they are to take advantage of these sciences to find optimized architectural design according to sustainability criteria and other standards. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  6. Project Design Phases • Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Fire protection Aspects General Considerations Design Phases • Site circulations analysis • Firefighting cars parking • Fire house locations • Dry Hydrant Riser, …etc. • Project type • Project size and criteria • Site selection • Fire load, Evacuation time, • Number and capacity of • escapes, whit their locations • Max. travel distance • Min. construction rating • Refuge areas ,…etc. • Functional relationships • Interior spaces and sizes • Safety standards application • Building envelope and facades • Energy analysis considerations • Type of structural system • Structural Materials • Structural elements dimensions • Structure durability and withstanding in fire • Elements protection, …etc. • Integration between all building’s services systems • HVAC system (Indoor air quality) • Electrical system (including day-lighting design system) • Plumbing systems • Fun Pressurized system • Detection and alarm sys. • Sprinkler and gas systems • Dry and wet Hydrant Sys. • Firehouse & Extinguishers, …etc. • Includes:- • Architecture, Structure, …etc. • Construction details and quantities • Optimized energy selection Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  7. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Project Description Hail new general hospital is located in the northern side of Hail city with a capacity of 500 beds and its ground floor covers an area of 12,600 m2 and consists of six floors, including one basement floor. Total area of all floor of the hospital is around 30,000 m2 within the in health city project at Hail reign, which covers an area over 9 km2. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  8. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Project Description The next plan is showing a general outline of new health city in Hail where the general hospital site is indicated by blue hatch. N Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  9. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Building Group Classification First. According to SBC 801the hospital is under group (I-2), as shown in the next figure which taken from the code itself. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 1/17

  10. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Minimum Requirements According to SBC 801the group (I-2) incidental use areas should separate by 1 hour or provide automatic fire-extinguishing system. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 2/2 (table 2A.2.1.1)

  11. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Maximum Travel Distance According to SBC 801for group (I-2) maximum travel distance without sprinkler system is 45.7 m and with sprinkler system is 61 m. * That means the direct distance should not exceed 30.5 m. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 8/34 (table 8.15.1)

  12. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Number of Occupants • According to SBC 801 the group (I-2) maximum floor area per occupant as following:- • Inpatient treatment areas = 22.3 m2 /occupant Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 7/8 (table 8.4.1.2)

  13. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Number of Occupants • Calculation of Occupants Number:- • For Typical floors • Floor area without toilet areas and staircases = 4000 m2 • Maximum occupants number = 4000 ÷ 22.3 • = 180 Person • 180 person per each typical floor x 5 typical floor = 900 Person • Ground floor • area without toilet and staircases = 16000 ÷ 22.3 • = 720 person • Basement floor • without toilet areas and staircases = 5000 ÷ 28 • = 180 person • Total Occupants number = 900 + 720 + 180 • = 1800 person Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 7/8 (table 8.4.1.2)

  14. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Egress Widths According to SBC 801for group (I-2) egress width per occupant with sprinkler system is 7.6 mm. Maximum occupants number = 180 person / typical floor Egress width for stairways = 7.6 mm x 180 = 1368 mm = 1.4 m Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Source: SBC 801, Saudi Building Code Page 8/8 (table 8.5.1)

  15. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Typical Floors 144 m 2 1 Travel distance < 75 m Original Design Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  16. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Typical Floors 70 m 70 m 2 1 4 3 Proposed Design Travel distance = 40 m Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  17. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Basement Floor < 70 m 2 1 Original Design Travel distance < 90 m Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  18. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Basement Floor 35 m 35 m 2 1 3 4 Proposed Design Travel distance = 55 m Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  19. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Ground Floor Original Design Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Travel distance < 65 m

  20. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References Analysis of Plans Ground Floor Proposed Design Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _ Travel distance < 55 m

  21. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References • Recommendations • The importance of inspection for codes requirements that must be implemented during design phases. • Must provide the required number of emergency exits by code requirements according to the occupants number and the maximum travel distance. • Take advantage of new technology in the evacuation of all buildings and hospitals in particular (such as stairway evacuation chair) because of occupant status. • The importance of awareness of the practice and application of safety codes in buildings during the academic education which come to us engineering cadres aware of the safety requirements and fire protection and how to apply them in buildings. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  22. Contents • Introduction • History of Fires in Hospitals • Building Engineering Brief • Project Description • Stages of Application Codes for Emergency Exits • Analysis and Design of Emergency Exits • Recommendations • References References [1] Saudi Building Code (SBC 800) Fire Protection Requirements, 2007. [2] NFPA 101 Life Safety Standard. [3] International Building Code, 2003 (IBC). [4]The eight leading causes of hospital fires. http://www.fierce-healthcare.com/story/eight-leading-causes-hospital-fires/2009-10-20. Accessed 8 February 2014. [5] Cleveland Clinic, St. Anthony’s Hospital, and Mercy Hospital fires: case studies. www.nfpa.org. Accessed 8 February 2014. [6] Hospital evacuation planning guide. http://www.mass.gov/. Accessed 8 February 2014. [7] Hospital evacuation decision guide. http://archive.ahrq.gov-/prep/hospevacguide/. Accessed 8 February 2014. [8] “Determinants of response times for fire and rescue incidents in the area coverage of the civil defense centers in Dammam city”, Eid Salem Aldossary, 2014. Eng. Ghanem M. Banhidarah _

  23. Thank You a Lot

  24. Presented By: Engr. Ghanem M. Banhidarah Bsc. (Hons) in Building Engineer G.Hidarah@gmail.com (+966) 59-858-4136 Ghanem M. BanHidarah

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