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The Presidency of James Monroe

Unit 6 - The Foundation of America, 1789 – 1836 RUSH Mrs. Baker. The Presidency of James Monroe. North . South. Industrial Revolution U.S. began manufacturing to decrease dependency on British goods. Leads to urbanization Growth of cities Maintained agricultural base as well.

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The Presidency of James Monroe

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  1. Unit 6 - The Foundation of America, 1789 – 1836 RUSH Mrs. Baker The Presidency of James Monroe

  2. North South • Industrial Revolution • U.S. began manufacturing to decrease dependency on British goods. • Leads to urbanization • Growth of cities • Maintained agricultural base as well. • Small farms • Grew crops that did not require much labor. • Production of cotton expands • Agriculture is the way of life. • Very few factories or cities • Eli Whitney & the cotton gin • Major force behind the expansion of production • South becomes known as “King Cotton” Two Economic Systems

  3. Industrial Revolution: • Origins: Britain • Why did the U.S. become involved in the revolution? • Embargo Act of 1807 • War of 1812 • Where did the revolution occur in America? • New England • Waltham, Massachusetts • Lowell, Massachusetts • Results: • North began to shift towards an industrialized urban society • Young women left the farms to begin to work in the factories • Increased immigration • Irish and German immigrants The New North:The Early Industrial revolution

  4. Economic impact, 1800 - 1820

  5. Factories employed: • White • Teenage farm girls • Promised opportunities of financial independence • Girls lived at the mills in a highly regulated environment. • Most worked only a few years and returned home to get married. The Factory System

  6. The Mills of New England

  7. Jobs of the Mill Girls

  8. By 1860: • U.S. entered into worldwide competition for markets. • The North took on new identity as an urban manufacturing and commercial • 70% of all national manufacturing took place in the North A new Identity

  9. Irish German • 1845 – 1850 millions immigrated to U.S. as a result of potato famine • Settled in northeastern cities • Helped build railroads and worked in the factories • Faced anti-Catholic and anti-Irish resistance. • Seeking peace and stability after failed German revolution in 1848. • Some stayed in cities, most ventured to the west to start farms. • Brought new farming techniques and ideas on education. • Faced anti-Catholic resistance. The Growing North:The First Wave of Immigration

  10. The Patterns of Southern Development

  11. The Cotton Kingdom

  12. Cotton Production

  13. Southern Population

  14. The Plan: • Developing transportation systems and other internal improvements • Establishing protective tariff • Encourage manufacturing and provide funds for improved transportation networks • Creating second national bank to promote financial support • The Goal: Strengthen and stabilize the national government Unifying the Nation: The American System

  15. Steamboats • In 1807, Robert Fulton runs 1st steamboat on Hudson River • Steamboats helped farmers ship their goods to markets around the world. • The National Road (Cumberland Road) • 1st nationally funded road (1833) • Stretched from Maryland to Ohio • New roads were made of stone and gravel which helped people move West. • Railroads • In 1828, the Baltimore & Ohio railroad line = 1st RR in nation • By 1840, U.S. has more miles of railroad track than any other country in the world. Transportation Revolution

  16. The “Big Ditch” • Erie Canal • Completed in 1825 • Stretches 363 miles • Connecting Hudson River with Lake Erie • Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes • Result: • Increase westward expansion • Expanded markets of trade • By 1837, more than 3000 miles of canals had been constructed in other states.

  17. Changes during the Transportation Revolution

  18. Supreme Court Foreign Policy Westward Movement Nationalism:Changing America

  19. Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Judicial review • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) • Upheld the congressional creation of the Second National Bank of the United States • Strengthened federal supremacy over state laws and national economic interests. • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) • Government can regulate goods across state lines. • Expanded the powers of the national government over commerce. The Marshall CourtSignificant Supreme Court Cases

  20. Territory and Boundaries • Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) • Settled border dispute between US and Canada • Demilitarized the US-Canadian Border • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) • Spain ceded Florida • Gave up claims in Oregon Nationalism & Foreign POlicy

  21. New Boundaries

  22. Goal: Establish a plan for U.S. foreign policy in Western Hemisphere • The Plan: • An end to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere • No intervention by Europe in existing nations in this hemisphere • A promise of noninterference by United States in European affairs and European colonies • Result: • US lacked power to enforce • Britain promised to support if policy was challenged Monroe Doctrine

  23. Expansion to the West • Settlers were searching for economic gain • Experienced social gains as well. • 1819 • Settlers in Missouri requested admission to the Union as a slave state. • Missouri Compromise (1820) • Maine = free state • Missouri = slave state • 12 free and 12 slave states in Congress • Banned slavery north of the 36’ 30 line. Nationalism Pushes West

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