Debate Pertemuan 13

1. DebatePertemuan 13 Matakuliah : G1062/Public Speaking Tahun : September 2006

2. The Elements • The Factors • Methods of Debating • Mechanism • The Language

3. The Elements • Critical thinking is the main element of a debate. • Persuading the judge/audience that your team’s argument is the better one is the main purpose of any debate: use reasoning – facts, examples, etc. – and appeal to the emotions. • Team planning is all-important

4. Factors taken into account in assessing the performance of individual speaker in a debate team

5. Constructing and Supporting the Contents • Selection of relevant material as the basis of the arguments. • The commonsense or logical basis to the argument/s. • Demonstration of a wide field of knowledge about the topic. • Understanding of social and cultural beliefs or attitudes relevant to the topic. • The use of relevant authorities (evidence) to support contentions. • (Except for the first speaker) The ability to deal with the argument/s put forward by the opposing side.

6. The actual presentation of the argument Keeping in mind that an oral presentation must engage the listener, the following are criteria that focus on the appearance and manner of each speaker.

7. The Appearance and Manner • The speaker’s voice is clear and easy to hear. • The language selection is both effective and persuasive. • The use of a variety of language structure and tone appropriate to the development of the argument/s. • The ability to engage the audience by eye contact and gesture where applicable. • The degree of confidence or conviction shown by the speaker.

8. Criteria for Assessment • Presented through an easy to follow development. • Clear direction of the argument. • Sequential order or connection between points. • Use of relevant logic and emotion as opposed to reliance on bias or prejudice.

9. More on Assessment … As well as considering each individual speaker, the team as a whole will be considered in their ability to interact and cohesively develop the overall argument as a group effort.

10. Mechanism Team A Team B 1st speaker General statement stating the team’s position and main argument. 1st speaker Rebut + general statement stating the team’s postion and main argument. 2nd speaker Rebut + arguments 2nd speaker Rebut + arguments 3rd speaker Rebut + arguments 3rd speaker Rebut + arguments Concluding statement Concluding statement

11. The Language Affirmative • As the first speaker, I would like to introduce the topic … • Our team will argue that indeed it is … • The first reason why we agree is … • Speaking for the affirmative … • In support of the statement, it is a fact that …

12. The Language Negative • I would like to refute the argument that … • The first speaker said that … • She/he claims that …

13. The Language • She/he said that … • She/he argued that … • In contrast to the first argument … • Contradictory to the second argument for the affirmative … • Speaking for the negative…

14. The Language Speakers • I would like to present our third argument that … • Thirdly, … • I reject the claim made by the opposing team that … • I would like to contend the issue that … • I object to the claim being made by the second speaker.

15. Final Speakers • In conclusion we have argued … • To sum up our team strongly agrees with the statement …

16. Remember ….. BACK YOUR ARGUMENT UP BY USING EXAMPLES