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Chap 2 Biochemistry

Chap 2 Biochemistry. The Chemistry of Life. - Elements and Atoms. Ions:. Hydrogen Atom – Bohr Model. - Elements and Atoms. Why unstable?. - Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table. What is C’s atomic number ?. How many electrons are needed in the outer orbital to be stable?.

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Chap 2 Biochemistry

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  1. Chap 2 Biochemistry The Chemistry of Life

  2. - Elements and Atoms Ions:

  3. Hydrogen Atom – Bohr Model

  4. - Elements and Atoms Why unstable?

  5. - Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table

  6. What is C’s atomic number? How many electrons are needed in the outer orbital to be stable?

  7. - Ionic Bonds

  8. - Covalent Bonds

  9. - Covalent Bonds

  10. - Covalent Bond Types

  11. - Covalent Bonds and Polarity Why are the electrons pulled?

  12. Properties of Water due to its polarity Cohesion Adhesion Nearly Universal Solvent Why do oil and water not mix? High Specific Heat (thermal capacity)

  13. The picture shows a droplet of water hanging on the tip of a leaf. How do the physical properties of water result in the image shown? Cohesion: Adhesion:

  14. Van der Walls Forces: Example: Liquid water solution Hydrogen Bond Interactions Solid (frozen) water Increase Volume, Decrease Density Why is it important solid water floats in biology?

  15. When lettuce is frozen and then thawed, it’s texture changes. Using the image above, why does freezing cause this change? Crash Course Biology - Water

  16. NaCl = ? Disassociation/Dissolving Ion formation =

  17. - Acids and Bases in Solution pH:

  18. Neutralization Reaction NaOH solution = HCl solution = Litmus paper HCl(sol) + NaOH(sol)

  19. Acid Precipitation Formation: Problems: Fix:

  20. - Properties ofCarbon Organic Molecules: always have ______ and ______ always form _________ bonds

  21. - Carbon Compounds – Bond types

  22. - Life With Carbon Monomers

  23. - Life With Carbon Hydrolysis (digestion) vs. Dehydration synthesis Monomers Polymers

  24. Autotrophs vs. Heterotrophs

  25. - Life With Carbon Example of a carbohydrate Uses:

  26. Saccharides

  27. - Life With Carbon

  28. - Life With Carbon Jack Sprat Uses:

  29. - Life With Carbon

  30. What are the uses of fats in a single cell compared to a whale?

  31. - Life With Carbon Characteristics: Characteristics: Why do insects and plants have waxy coatings? Is wax a saturated or unsaturated fat?

  32. Lipids as Chemical Messengers = Hormones

  33. - Life With Carbon Use: RNA: DNA: Types:

  34. - Life With Carbon G – Guanine C – Cytosine T- Thymine A - Adenine Base Pairing – Van der Walls Forces

  35. - Life With Carbon Gene – group of codons instructing the formation of a functional protein

  36. - Life With Carbon Peptide Bonds C-N

  37. - Life With Carbon

  38. - Life With Carbon Amino Acids (AA’s) Known: In Cells:

  39. - Life With Carbon Uses: Shape Dictates Function!!!!!!

  40. Uses:

  41. Activation Energy: Reactants: Products: Ex: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

  42. Enzymes – organic catalysts - reduce or eliminate activation energy - unchanged by the reaction Letter at the beach example

  43. Lock and Key Theory 1 Enzyme for 1 Reaction: Hydrolysis or Dehydration Synthesis Affected by temperature, pH and pressure -denature: - example: fried egg

  44. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen. Examples include oxygenions and peroxides. ROS are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis.[1] However, during times of environmental stress (e.g., UV or heat exposure), ROS levels can increase dramatically.[1] This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Cumulatively, this is known as oxidative stress. ROS are also generated by exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation.

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