Good Morning

1. Good Morning • Today’s date: Aug 17, 2010 • Please get out pencil & paper & prepare to take notes. Head your paper with name, date, & class period. • Lecture Title: Safety & Infection Control • Turn all cell phones off & place on table

2. Medical Therapeutics Safety & Infection control

3. Personal Safety • Personal safety is a priority for all health care workers What are some potential dangers that Health Care Workers face every day? • Exposure to blood & body fluids • Back injury

4. Body Mechanics • The way in which the body moves and maintains balance while making the most efficient use of all body parts.

5. Four Main Reasons for Using Good Body Mechanics • Muscles work best when used correctly. • Makes lifting, pushing, pulling, and pushing much easier. • Prevents unnecessary strain and fatigue. • Prevents injury.

6. Eight Basic Rules of Good Body Mechanics • Maintain a broad base of support (feet 8 – 10 inches apart; one foot slightly in front of the other). • Bend from the hips; keep back straight • Use strongest muscles (muscles in the upper arms, shoulders, hips, and thighs). • Use weight of your body to push/pull. Whenever possible, push instead of pull.

7. (continued) • Carry heavy objects close to your body. • Avoid twisting. Turn with your feet when you change direction. • Avoid bending for long periods of time. • Always get help if a patient is too heavy to move alone.

8. Accident Prevention • Prevention of accidents is extremely important in the workplace • OSHA • Government agency responsible for policies & procedures regarding workplace safety

9. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals Standard • Requires employers inform employees of all chemicals and hazards in the workplace. • All manufactures must provide MSDS for any hazardous products they sell

10. Materials Safety Data Sheets Must include the following: • Product identification information • Protection/precautions that should be used when handling the product. • Instructions for the safe use of the chemical • Procedure for handling spills, clean-up & disposal • Emergency first aid procedures

11. Stop • Read pp. 339 – 341. • List 7 rules regarding pt safety • List 14 rules regarding personal safety in the health care environment

12. Good Morning • Please turn off all cell phones & place in table in front of you. • Please get a red DHO textbook from the bookcase. • Get your homework from the bin for us to go over together.

13. Body Mechanics Lab • Activity #1: • Get in groups of three and stand to the side you your tables. Stack all three red books on top of one another in the floor. Take turns picking up the stack of books • 1st with your feet together & bending @ the waist. • 2nd with you feet apart 8 – 10” and bending at the knees. • Which was easier?

14. Continued • Activity #2 • Stay in groups of three. One group member will lay in hospital bed. Using a draw sheet, the other two group members will lift the “pt”. • 1st with palms facing down • 2nd with palms facing up • Which was easier?

15. Continued • Partner with another student. Take turns being the pt in the wheelchair. • 1st pull the wheelchair • 2nd push the wheelchair • Which was easier?

16. Return to seats for notes

17. Equipment & Solution Safety • Do not use any equipment until you have been trained on it. • Read and follow all operating instructions • Do not operate equipment if your instructor/supervisor is not present • Report damaged/malfunctioning equipment to instructor

18. (continued) • Do not use frayed or damaged electrical cords; if 3rd prong broken, do not use • Observe all safety precautions when handling equipment • Read MSDS (Materials Safety Data Sheets) for all chemical handled • Never use solutions from unlabeled bottles

19. (Continued) • Read labels at least 3 times to make sure you have correct solution • Do not mix solutions together! Avoid contact with eyes and skin • Report any breaks in equipment or spills to the instructor immediately.

20. Patient & Resident Safety • Do not perform any procedure on a pt unless instructed to do so. • Provide privacy for all pts. Knock before entering the room. • Introduce yourself to the pt. • Always identify your pt by name. (Check armband and DOB before giving meds or treatments. • Always explain the procedure.

21. (Continued) • Answer questions and make sure you have consent prior to starting a procedure. • Observe pt for change in health status. • Frequently check pt rooms, waiting rooms, etc. for any safety hazards.

22. Before Leaving A Patient’s Room • Make sure pt is in a comfortable position. • Side rails are up X 2. • Make sure bed is in lowest position. • Make sure wheels on bed are locked • Place call bell and other pt items within reach of the pt.

23. Personal Safety • Your responsibility to protect yourself. • Use correct Body Mechanics • Wear the required uniform. • Walk, do not run in a clinical area. • Report any personal injury. • Report any unsafe practices. • Keep all work areas neat and clean.

24. continued • Wash your hands frequently. • Dry hands before handling any electrical equipment. • Wear safety goggles when necessary. • If any solutions come in contact with your skin or mucous membranes; flush immediately and report to your supervisor. • If a particle gets in your eye, report to your supervisor or instructor.

25. Stop

26. Fire Safety • Know your environment • Where are the fire extinguishers? • Where are the fire alarm pull stations? • Where are the stairwells? (Elevators are not safe in a fire) • Know the procedures for your facility regarding a fire • What are the emergency codes? (Code Red) • What is the evacuation route? • Which pts are evacuated first?

27. RACE • Acronym for steps to take in a fire • R: Rescue • A: Activate alarm (announce) • C: Contain • E: Extinguish

28. Using a Fire Extinguisher • Acronym for how to use a fire extinguisher: PASS • P: Pull the pin • A: Aim at the bottom of the fire • S: Squeeze handle • S: Sweep the extinguisher from side to side.

29. Infection Control • Microorganism: A small living organism that is not visible to the naked eye. • Non-pathogen: Non-disease causing organism • Pathogen (Germs): Disease causing organism

30. Bloodborne Pathogens Standard • Mandated to protect health care workers from diseases caused by exposure to body fluids: • Blood component • Urine • Stool • Semen • Vaginal secretions • Cerebrospinal fluids • Saliva • Mucous • Other body fluids

31. Three diseases contracted from exposure to blood and body fluids • Hepatitis B: caused by HBV (hepatitis B virus) • Hepatitis C: caused by HCV (hepatitis C virus) • AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome): caused by HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)

32. Virus – Hepatitis B • Caused by HBV • Transmitted by blood and body secretions • Affects the liver • Vaccine available • Offered free by employers • Given in a series of three injections

33. Hepatitis C • Caused by HVC • Transmitted by blood and blood-containing body fluids • Common among IV drug abusers • Many infected individuals are asymptomatic (don’t have any symptoms • Can cause severe liver damage • Can survive several days in dried blood

34. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • Caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV ) • Suppresses the immune system • Individual becomes susceptible to cancers and infections that would not affect a healthy person • No cure presently and no vaccine • Important to take precautions to prevent

35. Stop

36. Good Morning • Today is Friday, August 20, 2010 • Please prepare to take notes • Lecture Title: Chain of Infection • Review: • What 3 pathogens did we discuss yesterday??

37. Principles of Infection Control • Most organism prefer a warm, dark, moist place to grow & reproduce • Human body provides an ideal environment for microbial growth

38. Infection Control • The spread of disease or infection can be broken down into six steps know as “The Chain of Infection” • 1st link: a causative agent • 2nd link: source or reservoir • 3rd link: port of exit • 4th link: mode of transmission • 5th link: portal of entry • 6th link: susceptible host

39. Chain of Infection • 1st link: Agent • Something that causes you to get sick • 2nd link: Reservoir • A place for the organism to grow & reproduce • Fomite: Contaminated object • 3rd link: Portal of Exit • A way for the organism to exit the reservoir

40. Continued • 4th Link: Mode of Transmission • A way for the organism to travel from one place to another • Direct/indirect contact • 5th Link: Portal of Entry • A way for the organism to get into another body

41. Continued • 6th Link: Susceptible Host • Someone who has impaired immunity

42. How Diseases Spread: Some terms to know • Nosocomial: An infection someone gets while in the hospital or any healthcare facility • Opportunistic: An infection that occurs when the body is weak.

43. Ending the Chainof Infection • “Breaking” the chain at any link will prevent the spread of microorganisms • Washing hands • Cleaning & Disinfecting • Barrier protection (PPE) • Proper disposal of contaminated equipment/objects • Covering nose & mouth when coughing & sneezing

44. Stop Explain Bacteria Wanted Poster.

45. Preventing the Spread of Infection • Handwashing • Good personal hygiene • Disposable gloves • Proper cleaning of instruments and equipment • Thorough cleaning of environment

46. Aseptic Techniques • Asepsis: absence of disease-producing microorganisms or pathogens

47. Levels of Aseptic Control • Antisepsis • Disinfection • Sterilization

48. Antisepsis • Prevent or inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms • Usually not effective against spores and viruses • Can usually be used on the skin • Examples: alcohol and betadine

49. Disinfection • Destroys or kills pathogenic organisms • Not always effective against spores and viruses • Can irritate or damage the skin, so mainly used on objects, not people • Examples: bleach solutions and zephirin

50. Sterilization • Destroys all microorganisms • Steam under pressure, gas, radiation, and chemicals • Autoclave is the most common equipment used