Types of Systems; CASE tools

1. Types of Systems; CASE tools Class 3

2. Why study SA&D? • “meat” of the IS function • Winchester house example • Art vs. Science • Methodologies • Comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development • Models • Representation of system, organization, etc. • Techniques • Particular processes used when following methodology • Tools • Computer programs which aid development process

3. Types of Systems • Operational Control • Management Planning/Control • Strategic Planning

4. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS) • Computer-based versions of manual organization systems dedicated to handling the organization’s transactions. • Oldest systems, bread & butter of organizations, started in accounting • Operational level: payroll, compensation, plant scheduling, order tracking • Outputs: detailed reports, lists, summaries

5. Management Information Systems (MIS) • Computer based systems designed to provide standard reports for managers about transaction data. • Management level systems: annual budgeting, capital investment analysis, relocation analysis, inventory control, sales region analyses • Outputs: Summary and exception reports

6. Executive Information Systems (EIS) • Computer based systems developed to support the information-intensive but limited-time decision making of executives. • Strategic level systems: profit planning, manpower planning, 5-year budget forecasting, 5-year sales forecasting • Outputs: projections, responses to queries

7. Decision Support Systems (DSS) • Computer-based systems designed to help organization members make decisions. • Management level-Strategic level: Systems similar to MIS and ESS • Outputs: special reports, decision analyses, responses to queries • GDSS: type of DSS to support groups

8. Expert Systems • Computer based systems designed to mimic the performance of human experts. • All levels from operational to strategic potential.

9. Others • Geographic Information Systems • Used to track geographic information • Communication Support Systems • Used to facilitate communication between customers, employees, suppliers • Office Support Systems • Used to facilitate sharing of business documents

10. Data versus Process • Process-oriented approach • Focuses on how and when data are moved and changed • Data-oriented approach • Focuses on the ideal organization of data rather than on where and how data are used.

11. Data Oriented versusProcess Oriented

12. Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) • Software tools that provide automated support for some portion of the systems development process. • Assists system builders in managing the complexities of information system projects and helps assure that high-quality systems are constructed on time and within budget.

13. Evolution of CASE • Art vs. Science • Lack of consistency in systems development • Predominantly used with PCs • Supports wide variety of system development activities

14. CASE tools • Diagramming tools • Analysis tools • Tools that enable automatic checking for incomplete, inconsistent, or incorrect specifications in diagrams, forms, and reports • Central repository / Data dictionary • Repository of all data definitions for all organizational applications • Documentation generators • Code generators