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Workshop on Landscape History Sopron, 22 April 20 10

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Workshop on Landscape History Sopron, 22 April 20 10

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  1. Landscape history analysis through the cartographic historical heritage: case study for Kozjansko and Pomurje regions, SloveniaTomaž Podobnikar1,2,3 , Blaž Barborič41 School of Environmental Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, SI-5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia2Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy for Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 3Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Jamova 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 4Geodetski inštitut Slovenije, Jamova cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana Workshop on Landscape History Sopron, 22April 2010

  2. Objectives • Description of investigationarea • Methodology, outputs • Preliminary results of the project

  3. TransEcoNet project regions

  4. Southern region • 3-country Nature Park: Goričko – Raab – Őrség • 1996 – Raab • 2002 – Őrség • 2003 – Goričko • Associated initiatives • (local, cross border, • transboundary) • Slovenia: • Biomura • Hungary: • National Park Őrség • Austria: • Nature Park Raab • Europe: • Natura 2000 • Greenbelt

  5. Slovenian part: Pomurje • the activities are carried out in the Pomurje region, Slovenia • the spread of the invasive species Robinia pseudacacia • the underlying causes and assess landscape scale ecological dynamics (e.g. Mura River floodplains, land use analysis in time series of last 200 years) in ecological networks • the concept of place attachment and identification of the people with their landscape • partners for the Pomurje • PP14: University of Nova Gorica (UNG) • PP15: Regional Development Agency Mura (RRA) • AP20: Nature Park Goričko • AP21: Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (ZRC SAZU)

  6. Pomurje, Slovenia

  7. Forests and natural heritage of Mura River

  8. Methodology, outputs

  9. Methodology, outputs • WP4 • multi-scale mapping of the history • comparison with the current status of ecological networks in Central Europe • [Historical datasets of Mura River: (1) maps, plans, orthophotos, satellite images, (2) other material: photographs, topographic reports, tales/myths… (3) Methods: GIS, RS and statistic analysis, empirical approaches, multi-scale and multi-quality data analysis]

  10. Preliminary results of the project

  11. Preliminary results of the project • identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia • historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje region for various applications • land use changes analysis (time series: landscape reconstruction for the last 200 years) • cooperation, harmonisation, other PPs

  12. Riparian forest of River Mura • On the bank of the river grow floodplain forests, as • Salicetumalbae • Fraxino-Ulmetum • Genisto-Quercetum • neophytic tree species Robinia pseudacacia Fraxino-Ulmetum Genisto elatae-Quercetum roboris Salicetum albae

  13. Robinia pseudacacia • Robinia pseudacacia (= tree) • native from Pennsylvania to northern Georgia and westward as far as Arkansas and Oklahoma • introduced to Europe at the beginning of the 17th cent. • flowers: early May, after the leaves • it occurs on meadows and agricultural surfaces that are being overgrown • it is invasive in mild climate as in the Pomurje region is (= natural expanding + plantation) • most expanded in the region in 1980s • affect of socioeconomic situation in the region (?) • the vegetation in these regions has changed to such an extent that it cannot be classified into any forest community

  14. Identification and mapping of the Robinia pseudacacia Some criteria for recognition of the species: • white flowers in spring (after leaves) • lighter green colour comparing with floodplain forest… Data sources: • sat. images: IRS-P6 (Indian Remote Sensing ~5 to 20 m), Landsat ETM and TM (30 m) • from 1990s to today; lower spatial, higher spectral resol. • contemporary orthophotos and aerial photographs starting from 1959 • IR-orthophotos • contemporary (and historical) maps, plans • DEM/DTM (+ LiDAR) • field work mapping, various land use data, Corine Land Cover, soil map… • interviews with local farmers Methodology (RS, GIS and statistic techniques): • reconstruction of R. pseudacacia-dynamics in the recent decade • modelling the distribution of R. pseudacacia in relation to abiotic environmental factors and land use • modelling (prediction) the expected distribution of R. pseudacacia in case of climate and land use change

  15. Historical maps (spatial data sets) of Pomurje regionfor various applications Outputs: - land use spatial data sets - study of Mura River changes (natural and anthropogenic) Data sets: - historical maps + LiDAR DTM + other documentation

  16. Mura: Habsburg1st military survey (Josephine) 1763–1787; 1 : 28 800 commissioned by the empress Maria Theresa cause: Seven Years’ War against Prussia (1756–1763) no projection (maybe Cassini-Soldner), no coordinates that time exceptionality achievement graphical mapping – considerable deformations

  17. HabsburgFranciscan cadastre(1 : 1440)

  18. Habsburg2nd military survey (Franciscan) survey: 1817–1825, mapping: 1830–1834 1 : 28 800 applying trigonometric points for survey quality influence of producing of Franciscian cadastre 1823–1826 3 coordinate systems in Slovenia (+ 3 canters of geodetic surveys - datums): Krim (near o Ljubljana) Schöckl (near to Graz) Gellért (near to Budapest) coordinates, projection Cassini (transverse cylindrical projection) relief represented with hatching, after 1860 with contour lines

  19. military map (1 : 14 400)from 1869

  20. Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy)3rd military survey 1869–1887; “special” 1 : 75 000; optional: 1 : 25 000 (survey was in this scale) and “degree” maps (“general”) 1 : 200 000 horizontal and vertical network according to Mittel-Europäische Gradmessung Bessel ellipsoid 1841, every map sheet in own (stereographic) projection

  21. Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000

  22. Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000

  23. Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000from 1881

  24. Habsburg (Austro-Hungarian Monarchy) 3rd military survey, 1 : 75 000from 1894 regulation of Mure River! (first map where is this recognisable)

  25. (1 : 150 000)from 1925

  26. from 1937

  27. from ~1950 meanders finally disappeared

  28. just some lethargies left

  29. Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10) • Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km • The biggest regional park in Slovenia • 100% of area is protected, Natura 2000 areas represents69% of total park, Special Protection Areas 2,3%

  30. Presentation of area included in historical assessment (PP10) • Bistrica gorge • Dry extensive grasslands • High-trunk orchards

  31. Map sourcesHistorical assessment of Kozjanski park • 1st Austrian military survey (1763–1787) – 1:28 800 • 3rd Austrian military survey (1836-1852) – 1:28 800 • Franciscan cadastre maps (1823–1826) - 1 : 5760 • Rohitsch und Drachenburg (1943) – 1:75 000 • Topographic maps (1951) – 1:50 000 • Topographic maps (1971) – 1:25 000 • Topographic maps (2006) – 1:50 000

  32. 1 8 2 7 6 3 5 4 Historical maps, orthophotos, land use: 1784-2009

  33. Georeferencing method • Josephine military maps and Franciscan cadastre maps were first combined and later georeferenced

  34. Different legend keys

  35. Quality and time series

  36. Backward editing method (“reverse engineering”)

  37. Land use changes 1800 1930 2000

  38. Focus and investigation areas that are included in historical assessment • Kozjanski Park covers an area of 206 sq km • Investigation areas: • Bistrica gorge • Dry extensive grasslands • High-trunk orchards

  39. Results - vectorized layers

  40. Results - analysis

  41. Results - analysis

  42. Land use/land cover legend for assessing landscape dynamics • According to comparison of the legends obtained from different map sources 5 polygons were established

  43. 1955-2006 1943-1955 Dynamics of change of land cover – changed/unchanged areas 2006-2009 • Similar changes of landcover periods from 1780 to 2006 1780-1870 1870-1943

  44. Stably used areas from 1780 - 2009 • Forest and grassland are main unchanged landuse classes

  45. Dynamics of change of land cover

  46. Landscape dynamics • Vectorized layers were overlaid • Sliver poligons were produced and eliminated using ArcGIS tools • Trajectories of change were calculated

  47. Tomaž Podobnikar, tp@zrc-sazu.si Blaž Barborič, blaz.barboric@gis.si ThankYouforYourattention.

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