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AS Level Psychology The core studies

AS Level Psychology The core studies. Cognitive Approach. Eye Witness Testimony. Traffic accident clips. Traffic Accident Questions. Clip 1: Who was responsible for the accident? Clip 2: What was the weather like?

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AS Level Psychology The core studies

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  1. AS Level PsychologyThe core studies Cognitive Approach

  2. Eye Witness Testimony

  3. Traffic accident clips

  4. Traffic Accident Questions • Clip 1: Who was responsible for the accident? • Clip 2: What was the weather like? • Clip 3: About how fast in miles per hour was the car going when it smashed into the bus? • Clip 4: What was the colour of the car out of control? • Clip 5: Which way did the car skid first? • Clip 6: Did the car have an amber or a green light at the junction? • Clip 7: Which part of the red car was damaged?

  5. Eye Witness Testimony • The study of human memory is a research area in cognitive psychology • Eye witness testimony involves memory!

  6. Eye witness testimony? • Elizabeth Loftus & John Palmer tested the reliability of eye witness testimony • Can the memory of an event be changed by the way witnesses are questioned? • The effect of leading questions

  7. Loftus & Palmer Class discussion: • What is a leading question ? Do we agree that • Memory is not like a camera - we always reconstruct our memories

  8. Loftus & Palmer • The title of their paper was: The reconstruction of an automobile destruction • Their research involved two experiments

  9. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1 • The participants - 45 students • The procedure - Students watched film clips of car accidents • After watching the films the students were asked to do two things

  10. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1 • Write an account of what they had seen • Answer questions about what they had seen One question was the critical question

  11. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1 The Critical Question About how fast were the cars going when they (*******) each other? There were five conditions (verbs) in the experiment (Five groups of students)

  12. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1 The five conditions (verbs) Were: • Contacted • Hit • Bumped • Collided • Smashed

  13. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1

  14. Loftus & Palmer Experiment 1 • What conclusion can you draw from the findings? • What was the IV? • What was the DV?

  15. Eye Witness Testimony The second experiment by Loftus & Palmer

  16. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 • The participants - 150 students • The procedure - Students watched a one minute film which showed a 4 second multiple car accident

  17. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 After the film the participants were divided into three experimental groups

  18. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 Group 1 was asked: “How fast were the cars going when they hit each other?”

  19. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 Group 2 was asked: “How fast were the cars going when they smashed into each other?”

  20. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 Group 3 was askedno question about the speed of the cars

  21. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 One week later • The participants returned and were asked more questions including the critical question “Did you see any broken glass?”

  22. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 The findings • Which group saw more broken glass?

  23. Loftus & Palmer - Experiment 2 • What was the DV in the second experiment? • What conclusion can you draw from the findings?

  24. Complete a card sort to identify which results and conclusions link to experiment 1 and which results and conclusions link to experiment 2. • You will be provided with cards with information on both experiments and some ‘red herrings’ too! • In pairs you need to organise the cards logically in sequence and into the three groups; 1. Results & conclusions from experiment 1 2. Results & conclusions from experiment 2 3. Red herrings!

  25. Results from exp 1: Results from exp 2: Plus 6 red herrings!

  26. Results from exp 1: Results from exp 2: Plus 6 red herrings!

  27. Confirm your card sort is correct by your teacher • Use this information to complete the Core study worksheet- complete the charts using this information • Answer the questions about the conclusions that can be drawn from the study

  28. Loftus & Palmer • Was this research in any way unethical? • Did this research have ecological validity? • Was this a repeated measures design oran independent measures design?

  29. Loftus & Palmer • Read the study • In your general text, read up on what psychologists say about human memory • According to Loftus & Palmer (in the 2nd experiment) how did the leading question ‘change’ the memory ?

  30. Eye Witness testimony • Do you think that unsupported eye witness testimony should be sufficient evidence upon which to convict someone?

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