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ELEMENTS of the SHORT STORY

ELEMENTS of the SHORT STORY. Short Story Plot Graph. Climax. Exposition: background about characters, setting, situation Trigger Incident: starts the main conflict Rising Action: conflict arises through a sequence of events

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ELEMENTS of the SHORT STORY

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  1. ELEMENTSof theSHORT STORY

  2. Short Story Plot Graph Climax • Exposition: background about characters, setting, situation • Trigger Incident: starts the main conflict • Rising Action: conflict arises through a sequence of events • Climax: the highest point of emotional intensity for the protagonist • Falling Action: the unravelling of the incidents following the climax • Resolution: loose ends are tied up Falling Action/ Denouement Rising Action Resolution/ Conclusion Trigger Incident/ Inciting Force Exposition/ Introduction

  3. Stories MUST have conflict!3 Types of Conflict: • Man vs. man—external struggle between two individuals • Man vs. himself—internal struggle concerning emotion and decision. • Man vs. nature/ society—external struggle between man and a larger force

  4. How Writers Create Mood + Atmosphere • Details: Adding details makes the story seem more believable. • Sensory Imagery: Adding details that appeal to the reader’s sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing creates a vivid picture. • *Adapted and added to from a PowerPoint developed by Mr. Mayer

  5. Point of View: This is the perspective from which the story is told. Whose head are you in? • Ask yourself, “Who is telling the story?” • There are 2 types of point of view: 1st person and 3rd person

  6. 1st Person POV • Uses 1st person pronouns: “I”, “me”, “my” etc. • Limited point of view • May be a participant OR an observer • Must take into account that character’s bias

  7. 3rd Person POV

  8. 3rd Person POV

  9. 3rd Person POV

  10. Does the main character tell his own story? (first person narrator)Does a minor character tell the main character’s story? (first person observer)When the narrator is not a character in the story ask:Does the author tell what people think and explain feelings and motives? (omniscient author)Does the author simply tell the story without giving the thoughts and feelings of the characters? (author observer)

  11. Theme: • a universal idea. • teaches a specific lesson or moral. • most stories have more than one theme.

  12. To find the THEME, ask: • What is the story about? • What is the central idea? • What observation did the author make about human nature?

  13. Imagery: uses details to describe something and evoke feelings The icy hail furiously pelted my car, leaving magnificent holes in the smooth hood. The sound pierced my ears ruthlessly, as I tried to find shelter. • Imagery gives you detailed pictures in your mind.

  14. Symbol: an image, character, or action that stands for an idea beyond its literal meaning Some aren’t... Some are obvious...

  15. Tone: is like the author’s “tone of voice”-- it tells you his/her attitude towards the characters, setting, etc. “She dismally muttered that she’d always love him, even though he was gone. She’d never love again.” What’s the tone here?

  16. Irony: to intend a meaning opposite of what is expected. There are 3 kinds of irony. • Dramatic Irony: The audience knows something that the character does not. • Verbal Irony: Sarcasm • Situational Irony: when the opposite of what was expected happens.

  17. Dramatic Irony: You know what the farmer does not.

  18. Situational Irony:You’d expect cheetahs to run, not speed-walk!

  19. Which kind of irony is this?

  20. Which kind of irony is this?

  21. Hyperbole: an exaggerated statement used for effect “Whoa! That cookie looks like a million bucks!”

  22. Foreshadowing: A writing technique that gives readers clues about what will happen later in the story. “As he pondered the morning, he reassured himself that he locked the door. Something kept telling him otherwise, but he pushed it out of his mind.” What might this be foreshadowing?

  23. FLASHBACK:The author interrupts the story to go back in time to add scenes or information. This helps the reader understand what is happening in the present.

  24. Protagonist: the main character in the story Antagonist: the force against the protagonist

  25. Flat Character: stays the same throughout the story.Round Character: grows or changes during the story.

  26. Simile: comparing 2 things using “like” or “as”. Her hair was as soft as cotton. Metaphor: comparing 2 things without using “like” or “as”. A heavy blanket of snow fell all day long.

  27. What is a Short Story? A short story is a relatively brief fictional account with a beginning, a middle, and an end,and is composed of the following elements: • Theme • Plot • Character • Setting • Point of View *Adapted and added to from a PowerPoint developed by Mr. Mayer

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