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Lessons from Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

Learn about the risks and impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions, with a focus on Indonesia's Mount Sinabung. Discover how to build disaster resilience through preparedness, early warning systems, and evacuation.

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Lessons from Explosive Volcanic Eruptions

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  1. REMEMBERING SOME OF THE LESSONS FROM ONE OF 2013’S NON-DISASTERS.PART 5: EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. INDONESIA

  3. VOLCANO SINABUNG ON NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA ERUPTSNovember 3, 2013 --- But No Disaster This Time

  4. UNDERSTANDING EXPLOSIVE VOLCANOES

  5. 542 OF THE 1,500 ACTIVE VOLCANOES ARE LOCATED IN “RING OF FIRE”

  6. VOLCANOES IN INDONESIA INDONESIA, A PART OF THE PACIFIC “RING OF FIRE,” HAS 127 ACTIVE VOLCANOES AS A RESULT OF COMPLEX SUBDUCTION OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIA AND EURASIA TECTONIC PLATES

  7. INDONESIA’S VOLCANOES

  8. PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS- A NATURAL HAZARD VERTICAL ASH PLUME, HIGH-VELOCITY LATERAL BLAST, TEPHRA, LAVA FLOWS, LAHARS, AND VOLCANIC WINTER

  9. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • VERTICAL ASH PLUME (can affect jet aircraft) • ASH AND TEPHRA • LATERAL BLAST • PYROCLASTIC CLOUDS, BURSTS, AND FLOWS

  10. VOLCANO HAZARDS CAN HAVE FAR REACHING IMPACTS • LAVA FLOWS • LAHARS (can bury villages) • EARTHQUAKES (related to movement of lava) • “VOLCANIC WINTER” (causing famine and mass extinctions)

  11. CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS EXPLOSIVE VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS VOLCANIC ASH LAVA FLOWS CASE HISTORIES LAHARS TOXIC GASES

  12. BEFORE AUGUST, 2010, SINABUNG HAD BEEN INACTIVE FOR 400 YEARS The August eruption led to an evacuation of 30,000 people

  13. MOUNT SINABUNG: NOV. 3, 2013

  14. SEPTEMBER 2013 ERUPTION • An eruption in September 2013 also prompted an evacuation--- about 3,500 villagers lining within 3 km of the volcano.

  15. OCTOBER 2013 ERUPTION • Another eruption on October 24th also prompted an evacuation of about 3,500 villagers lining within 2-3 km of the volcano.

  16. WHAT HAPPENED NOVEMBER 3RD • The 8,530-foot-high mountain erupted early on Sunday, November 3rd, sending a vertical ash plume 7,000 feet into the air. • This eruption prompted an evacuation of 1,500 people living within 3 km of the volcano.

  17. TOWARDS VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISASTER RESILIENCE

  18. VOLCANO HAZARDS • PEOPLE & BLDGS. • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and • RECONSTRUCTION VOLCANO RISK POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: VOLCANO DISASTER RESILIENCE INDONESIA’S COMMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

  19. RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • EXPOSURE • EVENT • COST • BENEFIT VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS EXPECTED LOSS POLICY ADOPTION • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT TOWARDS DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FOR VOLCANOES

  20. THE KEYS TO RESILIENCE: 1) KNOW THE ERUPTIVE HISTORY OF YOUR REGION’S VOLCANOES,2) BE PREPARED3) HAVE A WARNING SYSTEM 4) EVACUATE5) LEARN FROM THE EXPERIENCE AND BE READY TO START OVER

  21. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE USING EDUCATIONAL SURGES CONTAINING THE PAST AND PRESENT LESSONS TO FOSTER AND ACCELERATE THE CREATION OF TURNING POINTS

  22. 2014--2020 IS A GOOD TIME FOR A GLOBAL SURGE IN EDUCATIONAL, TECHNICAL, HEALTH CARE, AND POLITICAL CAPACITY BUILDING IN ALL FIVE PILLARS OF COMMUNITY DISASTERRESILIENCE

  23. CREATING TURNING POINTS FOR FLOOD DISASTER RESILIENCE INTEGRATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS WITH POLITICAL SOLUTIONS FOR POLICIES ON PREPAREDNESS, PROTECTION, EARLY WARNING, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, AND RECOVERY

  24. Real and Near- Real Time Monitoring Relocation/Rerouting of Cities and City Lifelines Enlighten Communities on Their Risks Hazard, Vulnerability and Risk Characterization Create a Hazard Zonation Map as a Policy Tool Build Strategic Equity Through Disaster Scenarios Involve Partners in Turning Point Experimemts Best Practices for Mitigation Adaptation and Monitoring Implement Modern Codes and Lifeline Standards Introduce New Technologies Situation Data Bases Multiply Capability by International Twinning Move Towards A Disaster Intelligent Community Cause & Effect Relationships Update Knowledge Bases After Each Disaster Anticipatory Actions for all Events and Situations Interfaces with all Real- and Near Real-Time Sources Gateways to a Deeper Understanding INTEGRATION OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL CONSIDERATIONS OPPORTUNITIES FOR TURNING POINTS: For Disaster Resilience on local, regional, national, and global scales THE KNOWLEDGE BASE APPLICATIONS EDUCATIONAL SURGES

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