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Managing Time, Space, and Visibility

Managing Time, Space, and Visibility. Characteristics/Visual Fields. Central Vision Visual Lead, Targeting, Signs, Signals. Central Vision. Fringe Vision Referencing, Path of Travel, Sightlines. Fringe Vision. Peripheral Vision. Peripheral Vision Motion and Color Changes.

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Managing Time, Space, and Visibility

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  1. Managing Time, Space, and Visibility

  2. Characteristics/Visual Fields Central Vision Visual Lead, Targeting, Signs, Signals Central Vision Fringe VisionReferencing, Path of Travel, Sightlines Fringe Vision Peripheral Vision Peripheral Vision Motion and Color Changes

  3. Factors Affecting Field of Vision Normal 190°-200° 30 MPH 142°- 160° 45 MPH 100° - 90° 60 MPH 10° - 20°

  4. PRINCIPLES OF VISUAL PERCEPTION FINAL FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF YEARS

  5. Basic Requirements for Driving An average driver makes 50 to 60 decisions per mile traveled …... Driver Requirements Visibility … Space X Time = Speed … Traction … most such decisions relate to visibility, space, time, and placement …. Vehicle Requirements … all must be accomplished within the range of available traction!

  6. Judgmental Abilities Required To Manage Time/SpaceAdequately • Space Relationships • Speed Estimates • Evaluation of Roadway • Prediction of Others’ Actions

  7. Space Management System • Search for objects or conditions • Evaluate the planned travel path ahead(visibility, traction, space, traffic flow, topography, legal requirements) • Identify alternate paths of travel(look for an out) • Prepare to make adjustments in speed and/or position(learn to read the route -it’s the smooth move - safer & economical)

  8. Visual Habits • 20 – 30 sec search (VSA) • 12 – 15 sec path of travel (VCZ) • 4 – 8 sec immediate path (Stop Zone) • 3 - 4 sec following distance • Mirrors (rear interval) [10x minute] • Head checks [ any lateral movement] • Speedometer [1x a minute] 20 sec VSA at: 35 mph = 1022 ft (0.2 mile) 55 mph = 1773 ft (0.3 mile) 65 mph = 1898 ft (0.4 mile)

  9. Visual Process • Search roadway & off road areas 20 - 30 secs ahead to plan path of travel • Identify conditions 12 - 15 secs ahead that could interfere with path of travel • Predict conditions on/near road that could increase risk • Decide at least 4 - 5 seconds ahead what actions to take to reduce risk • Execute decisions

  10. Visual Process: Following Distance • Continually monitor the 3-to-4 second following distance • Adjust as required by • Atmospheric conditions • Roadway and off-road surface and condition • Traffic conditions • Visibility • Following traffic

  11. Visual Process: Mirror Use • Proper adjustment required • Monitor traffic to sides and rear while traveling and stopping • Not for detail(objects in side mirror closer than they appear) • Are vehicles present? • Where? • Size? • Speed? • Mirror blind areas(head check)

  12. Driving Process SIPDE • Search • Identify • Predict • Decide • Execute

  13. Visual Search Categories Traffic Controls Roadway Features Non-Motorized Users Motor Vehicles

  14. Aggressive Visual Search Aim high Get the big picture Keep your eyes moving Look for an out

  15. Aggressive Visual Search An aggressive visual search involves: • Searching 20-30 seconds ahead • Identifying an alternate path • Identifying other highway users • Assessing the consequences of alternate responses • Adjusting speed or position, and communicating adjustment

  16. Manage Risk By Adjusting Time/Space/Visibility • Increase Vehicle Control • Increase Response Time • increase space • adjust speed • increase visibility A B REMEMBER YOU HAVE MORE TIME TO CORRECT A SITUATION AT A SLOWER SPEED AND IF YOU ERR IT WILL BE LESS EXPENSIVE!

  17. Manage Risk By Increase Distance From Hazard (Separating) Reduced traction, vehicle, curve Pedestrian - vehicle conflict Vehicle on side of road

  18. Adjust Time/Space For the Least Harmful Result When Multiple Risks Present (Compromising) Resolve possible responses into a single adjustment of speed and road position resulting in the least consequence for the greatest risk. Three highway conditions that require speed adjustments are visibility, traction, and space.

  19. How Fast is Too Fast? Time saved by going 10 mph faster for 10 miles It is not how quickly you can get there if everything goes well, but how quickly could you respond if something goes wrong? • Each 10 mph speed increase doubles chance of fatal injury if involved in a crash • 10mph over speed limit is 3 point violation • IS IT WORTH IT TO SAVE 2 TO 7 MINUTES ?

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