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Chapter 3 Meaning as Action

Chapter 3 Meaning as Action. Context of Situation: e.g. Trobriand island natives in order to understand meaning, we must know the (‘what’, ‘why’, and ‘how’) Context of Culture: Economics Social organization Concepts of time and space. Structures of expectation:

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Chapter 3 Meaning as Action

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  1. Chapter 3Meaning as Action

  2. Context of Situation: • e.g. Trobriand island natives • in order to understand meaning, we must know the (‘what’, ‘why’, and ‘how’) • Context of Culture: • Economics • Social organization • Concepts of time and space

  3. Structures of expectation: • Blueprints for action (e.g. speech acts/ second nature) • We interpret signs + expect certain behavior • Cultural differences in these expectations • e.g. French/ American ‘greetings’ • Pplorganize background knowledge about the world/ use them to predict interpretation

  4. Frames or Schema: The general structures of expectations established in ppl’s minds by the culture they live in. • Clip # 14

  5. Contextualization cues • Words ppl exchange are linked to situational & cultural context in which they occur. • Example • ‘I need to get in there, can you open the door?’ • Verbal + para-verbal + non-verbal = interpretation • Called ‘contextualization cues’

  6. Situated inferences: • Cues help listener make relevant situated inferences ( the process of arriving to a conclusion/ interpretation through the interaction of cultural background knowledge + social expectations) • Clip # 15 (Ladder of inferences/show 1st 5 mn.)

  7. Pragmatic Coherence • Semantic Cohesion + shared cultural background = Pragmatic Coherence • e.g. Swimming boy • Language users make efforts to make words uttered meaningful within the social & cultural context of the exchange. (examples see book)

  8. Cooperative Principle • Paul Grice’s four maxims of the co-operative principle in conversation: • 1- Quality (truth) • 2- Quantity (economical) • 3- Relation (relevance) • 4- Matter (clear/orderly)

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