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Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Biology and Behavior. Puzzles. What common expressions are hidden in the following puzzles?. NOON GOOD HE’S HIMSELF KNEE LIGHT ii ii oo oo WEAR LONG. MAN MOON SLEEPING JOB 0 M.D. Ph. D. D.D.S KCART. Fill-in-the-Blanks. 1. ST_T_ _ _ _ _ _B_RT_.

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Chapter 3

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  1. Chapter 3 Biology and Behavior

  2. Puzzles

  3. What common expressions are hidden in the following puzzles? NOON GOOD HE’S HIMSELF KNEELIGHT ii iioo oo WEARLONG MANMOON SLEEPING JOB 0M.D.Ph. D.D.D.S KCART

  4. Fill-in-the-Blanks 1. ST_T_ _ _ _ _ _B_RT_ 2. T_ _NS_ _ _T_T_ _N 3. S_ _ _R_AN 4. _O NO_ _N_ _R 5. F_ _T_ _LL F_ _L_ 6. _ _RS_ _LA_ _ _ _ _L 7. _ H_ _KS_IVI_ _ 8. _L_ _S_ D_ N_ _ _ _ _D T_ _ _N_ _ _LS!

  5. Test for DementiaBelow are four (4) questions and a bonus question. You have to answer them instantly. You can't take your time, answer all of them immediately. OK?Let's find out just how clever you really are.... First Question: You are participating in a race. You overtake the second person. What position are you in? Answer: If you answered that you are first, then you areabsolutely wrong! If you overtake the second person and you take his place, you are second! Try not to screw up next time.Now, answer the second question, but don't take as much time as you took for the first question, OK?

  6. Second Question:If you overtake the last person, then you are . . . ?(scroll down) Answer: If you answered that you are second to last, then you are wrong again. How can you overtake the LAST person? You're not very good at this, are you?

  7. Third Question:Very tricky arithmetic! Note: This must be done in your head only.Do NOT use paper and pencil or a calculator. Take 1000 and add 40 to it. Now add another 1000. Now add 30. Add another 1000. Now add 20! Now add another 1000Now add 10. What is the total? Did you get 5000? The correct answer is actually 4100.If you don't believe it, check it with a calculator! Today is definitely not your day, is it? Maybe you'll get the last question right.  ...maybe.

  8. Fourth Question: Mary's father has five daughters: 1. Nana, 2. Nene, 3. Nini, 4. Nono. What is the name of the fifth daughter? Did you answerNunu? NO!Of course it isn't.Her name isMary.Read the question again!

  9. Okay, now the bonus round: A mute person goes into a shop and wants to buy a toothbrush. By imitating the action of brushing his teeth, he successfully expresses himself to the shopkeeper and the purchase is done. Next, a blind man who wants to buy a pair of sunglassescomes into the shop; how does HE indicate what he wants? He just has to open his mouth and ask.

  10. Why? Why? Why?

  11. Chapter Objectives: • How messages are transmitted by neurons and the functions of the peripheral nervous system • Major structures of the brain and the functions of each structure • How hormones secreted by the major glands of the endocrine system affect the body • Role of chromosomes and genes, and the study methods of heredity.

  12. Brain Communication • CNS and PNS (2) 1) Central Nervous System (CNS) – brain & spinal cord.   2) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) – nerves in the limbs & trunk that carry information in/out of the brain. • Neuron • Dendrites and Axons • Synapse • Neurotransmitters • Acetylcholine • Dopamine • Endorphins

  13. Neurons - Building Blocks • Building blocks of the brain• 100 billion neurons• 30,000 on a pinhead Neurons are the building blocks of your brain. They communicate with each other thousands of times each second.

  14. Neuron Parts • Soma: body of the cell  • Dendrites: receive messages  • Axon: sends messages

  15. Neurotransmitters • Neurotransmitters are the messengers that travel between one brain cell and another. • They are chemical signals that neurons use to talk to each other, which is what makes your brain work. • They help determine how you feel, think and act.

  16. CNS & PNS A. Central Nervous System B. Peripheral Nervous System B1. Somatic Nervous System B2. Autonomic Nervous System 1. Cerebrum 2. Brainstem 3. Cerebellum 4. Spinal cord

  17. The Nervous System • Central Nervous System =Brain + Spinal Cord • Peripheral Nervous System =Nerves to rest of body • • “Sensory” nerves carry messages from the body to the brain (sensation) • • “Motor” nerves carry messages from the brain to the body (muscle movement) The Central Nervous System Spinal Cord

  18. The Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System vs. Autonomic Nervous System Effect of Chemical Weapons on CNS and PNS

  19. Parts of the Brain 3-2 (overview all below) • hindbrain medulla, pons, cerebellum • midbrain reticular activating system • forebrain (next slide)

  20. Brainstem:The brainstem regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, blinking, digesting and more.

  21. Pons – regulates body movement, attention, sleep and alertness Hindbrain Medulla – involved in vital functions (heart rate, blood pressure, breathing)

  22. Hindbrain Cerebellum Coordinates most muscles learned skills movement and timing

  23. Hindbrain Cerebellum: Switching Station:Your cerebellum is a busy switching station. It receives messages from most of the muscles in your body. It communicates with the other parts of the brain, and then sends messages about movement and balance back to your body.

  24. ReticularActivatingSystem Midbrain Regulates the activity level of the body (controls central nervous system activity, including attention, sleep and arousal)

  25. Alcohol’s Effect on Brain Alcohol turns cells OFF: • in RAS (become sleepy) • in speech area (slurring) • in cerebellum (motor control)

  26. Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

  27. In the Mix: Alcohol: What You Don’t Know

  28. Guest speaker • Kathy Herring cell 242.1503 • Kim Rainer cell 858.1910

  29. pp. 59-61

  30. p. 62

  31. Forebrain Thalamus Relay station for sensory stimulation

  32. Forebrain Hypothalamus Regulates basic needs (hunger, thirst, sexual behavior, caring for offspring and aggression) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality

  33. sex sermon

  34. Limbic System Forebrain Learning and memory, emotion, hunger, sex and aggression

  35. Cerebral Cortex Forebrain Responsible for very high-level thought

  36. Corpus callosum • Nerve bundle that connects left and right hemispheres • Reason for and effect of surgically severing corpus callosum Pieces of Mind video: Split Brain (start at 1:20) Forebrain

  37. Lobes of the Cerebral Cortex • frontal lobe • motor strip • frontal assoc. area • parietal lobe • sensory strip • occipital lobe (seeing “stars”) • vision • temporal lobe (national anthem) • hearing

  38. Tasks of the Hemispheres • Left hemisphere most language functions logic problem solving math computation • Right Hemisphere imagination art feelings spatial relations

  39. How Smart Is Your Right Foot? While sitting at your desk, lift your right foot off the floor and make clockwise circles with it. Now, while doing this, draw the number "6" in the air with your right hand. What happens?

  40. HemisphereActivityDemonstration&(PsychSim module #2)

  41. Examining the Brain: Frontal Association Area (sense of envir. & personality) • Motor Strip Dominance inventory • (demonstration of frontal association area at work) • Video module #2: Phineas Gage (11:20)

  42. Electroencephalogram (EEG) Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT scan) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

  43. The Cerebral Cortex:These special scans use computerized x-rays and magnetic fields to show the parts of the brain. The scans give doctors and scientists a picture of how the brain is working.

  44. Positron Emission Tomography PET is one of the newest, most advanced methods for studying organs in the body such as the brain. Like an X-ray, or MRI scan PET is painless and relatively noninvasive (i.e., no surgery or opening of the body is required). Unlike X-rays and traditional MRI, PET does not produce a picture of the "structure" or anatomy of the brain, but rather it gives an image of  brain "function" or physiology. In other words, it can be used to image what the brain is doing.

  45. Brain Model Observation • Form groups of 4. • Define terms on sheet. • In 4 minutes, groups examine model of brain to locate each item.

  46. Endocrine System 3-3 The system containing all the glands and their chemical messages

  47. Looking at the Endocrine System(aka,Glandular System) • Hormones • Glands • Pituitary Gland • Thyroid Gland • Adrenal Glands • Gonads The system containing all the glands and their chemical messages

  48. Hormones Chemical regulators distributed in the bloodstream Match up with receptors that have the same molecular structure (target cell)

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