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WWII & the Holocaust

WWII & the Holocaust . Objective: To analyze and understand the outbreak of WWII in addition to the major players, leaders, and decisive battles. . Overview: . WWII (1939-1945) deadliest, costliest & largest conflict in history 61 nations in fighting

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WWII & the Holocaust

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  1. WWII & the Holocaust Objective: To analyze and understand the outbreak of WWII in addition to the major players, leaders, and decisive battles.

  2. Overview: • WWII (1939-1945) deadliest, costliest & largest conflict in history • 61 nations in fighting • The Axis Powers: Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy , & Japan • The Allied Powers: Great Brit, France, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, the Soviet Union, & the US • 1st Global War (over WWI) • 55-60 million killed (most to half civilians) • Genocide- 6 million Jews & 6 million non-Jews in the Holocaust • WWII topple nations of Europe

  3. Overview: • Superpowers-US & the Soviet Union • Cold War: new struggle between US & Soviet Union • 1940-1970 massive wave of decolonization (freedom to African & Asian colonies) • Shift of internatl. trade • Tech & scientific innovation

  4. What roles did imperialism, nationalism, and ethnocentrism have? Could WWII have been prevented?

  5. “The Road to War” • Results from pattern of aggression on part of Nazi GA, Fascist Italy & militaristic Jpn. • Aggression, met with weak response from the democracies (US does little to stand up to dictatorships) • Appeasement- policy of letting the aggressors have what they wanted, in hope they would demand no more

  6. WWII Timeline: 1933: Hitler withdraws from the League of Nations 1936 2nd violation of TOV; Hitler sends troops to Rhineland (permanent DMZ- Fr.& GB protest but tale no action) Mussolini completes conquest of Ethiopia Outbreak of the Spanish Civil War: 1936-1939 Francisco Franco’s uprising against Demo. Leaders is supplied with $ and supplies by Hitler and Mussolini Stalin tried to help Spanish govt. (when Western demo do nothing he loses trust) Dictator Franco =successful 1935: • Hitler openly began to rebuild Germany army &navy • Mussolini invades Ethiopia (League imposes sanctions but ineffective) • Soviet Russia- fearful of GA, allies itself with France both agree to protect Czech & France protect Poland • Antifascist cooperation = collective security

  7. WWII Timeline: 1937: 1938 In Jpn. Military- controlled govt. Anti-Comintern Pact: signed by GA, Italy, & Jpn. pledging to oppose internatl communism Jpn. Invades China (atrocities – Rape of Nanking) Hitler goes to public with Lebensraum “Living Space” for GA expansion • GA annex Austria in Anschluss union • Hitler announces plans to take over Sudetenland (former GA territory with 3 million GA people) • Munich Agreement: Mussolini & Hitler met with Chamberlain & Paladier of Brit and Fr. to agree to let GA have Sudetenland but expand no further –Appeasement • Stalin & Czech not there- he's angry doesn’t trust GB or France • Jpn. & Soviet Union clash in Siberia & Soviets drive them back

  8. WWII Timeline: • 1939 • GA Takes rest of Czech (foolish Fr. & GB) • GA takes W. Lithuania • Italy invades Albania • Jpn. &USSR fight in Siberia again • Hitler claims on Polish territory (Fr. & Brit. Promise to guarantee Poland safety) • Nazi-Soviet Pact/ Non-Aggression Pact- Hitler seeks to reach agreement with Stalin b4 invading Poland- therefore agreement keeps USSR neutral & allows for his invasion • Sept. 1st 1939 Hitler’s invasion of Poland

  9. The Major Players: The Axis Powers

  10. Leaders of the Axis Powers GermanyAdolf Hitler JapanEmperor Hirohito ItalyBenito Mussolini

  11. The Major Players:The Allied Powers

  12. Leaders of the Allied Powers FranceCharles De Gaulle Great BritainWinston Churchill USSRJosef Stalin Harry Truman Franklin D. Roosevelt USA

  13. The Axis Ascendant: 1939-1941 • During 1st half of war Axis Powers were winning • Only major opposition was Fr. And GB • USSR = neutral (Why?) • US- isolated & wants to stay out • Japan extends into Asia & China against Brit, Dutch, & Fr. Colonial possessions in SE Asia

  14. New Technology New Technology: • Makes war rapid & dynamic • Naval aircraft • Long-range submarines • New Artillery (the tank) • Strategic air bombers • *** All make war quick but more deadly (civilian population) • Jet aircraft & synthetic materials

  15. Blitzkrieg, & the Invasion of Poland • Blitzkrieg: The new GA method of warfare means “lightning war”- use of tanks, airplanes to rush and knock out enemy territory • Its effective: Poland falls within weeks • Brit & Fr. Did very little- old strategy of waiting for GA to attack them believes defensive would win • Winter 1939-1940 named sitzkrieg or phony war

  16. German Invasion of Western Europe & the Fall of France • April 1940 Hitler’s assault on W. Euro (success) • Denmark, Norway, Luxembourg, Belgium, & Netherlands all defeated • Fall of France- surrenders within months- Leaves GB to fight GA & Italy alone • France’s confidence in the Maginot Line- great border of fortifications to protect them GA sidesteps this

  17. Part II: Japanese Aggression & The Allied Quest for Victory

  18. Battle of Britain & Operation Barbarossa Battle of Britain: Eastern Invasions & Operation Barbarossa 1941 Hitler shifts attn to E. Europe- helps clean up Italy’s mess in Greece and N. Africa Hitler wants to invade Soviet Union =Operation Barbarossa (despite non-aggression Pact) June 22, 1941 GA invades Soviet Union 60-75% of GA troops fight E. front GA forces surround Leningrad (USSR 2nd largest city) Drive into Ukraine & S. Russia- close to Moscow Last min efforts halt GA • 1940-41 GA attn on GB • Italy heads for Greece, Yugoslavia, & Egypt • Attempt to knock GB out of the war- fails (Royal navy protects British Isles) • Royal Air Force defends GB • GB holds out from its navy, air force and economic aid from US & Canada • US is neutral but FDR Lend-lease program of economic assistance kept GB and USSR supplied

  19. Japanese Aggression: • US imposes sanctions after increased aggression- without steel, oil, & other raw materials from US, Japanese war on Asian mainland would be badly damaged • Jpn. Views embargo as an act of war- begin plotting against the US • Fighting between China & Jpn. • 1940-41 Fr, Dutch, British colonial possessions vulnerable • Fr. Falls 1940-threaten Indochina • Japan Goal: Establish Greater E. Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere (over Chinese coast & all of SE Asia, India, Indochina, & Australia)

  20. Pearl Harbor & Japan: assault on the South Pacific • Dec. 7th 1941 Jpn. Surprise attack on US naval base Pearl Harbor • Bomb and invade South Pacific & Philippines • 1942 Japan had captured Hong Kong, Indochina, Thailand, part of Burma, the Malaysian Peninsula, Philippines, Indonesia and 100s of small Pacific islands • Effect of Japanese attack is to bring US into war both in Pacific and in Europe (GA declared war on US) • Japan roused one of world’s largest countries (great human power & resources & most productive economy at time in world)

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX4sTBJ0tvA&feature=fvsr

  22. The Allied Quest for Victory: 1942-1945 • Shifting Balance of WWII- 2NDhalf of war 1942-45 France dropped out; US AND Soviet Union joined • Advantages: • Axis: GA & Jpn. Skill & quality of armed forces • Allies- Soviets and US geographic size, human pwr, economies and resources • Longer the war lasted Allies would win (GA fails to take Moscow and Japan fails to cripple America)

  23. The Turning Point: 1942 • 3 Decisive Battles and GA and Japan lost all 3: 1. Midway: (June 1942) a naval battle in which the US navy had destroyed a huge portion of Jpn aircraft carrier 2. El Alamein (fall 1942) the British tunred back drive of Erwin Rommel’s GA tanks toward Egypt & Suez Canal 3. Stalingrad (Aug1942-Feb 1943) clash along the Volga River where Soviets prevent the GA from capturing all of Southern Russia & their oil reserves in the east http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1v4I6RGRW50

  24. The Shifting Tide: 1943-1944 • Brit. And Americans neutralized last weapon with which GA had any real chance of threatening war effort- submarine fleet ineffective by 1943 • Allies control air 1943- British and US bomb GA Europe • US bombers pound Japan 1944 (kill civilians) • Allies determine direction and pace of war • In Pacific Americans push back Japan • Brit and US take control of N. Africa then invade Italy to knock out Fascist govt. • June 1944 D- Day invasion (Operation Overlord. Normandy) Brit, French, Canadian and American troops, ships, and aircraft land on coast of France • On Land Hitler threats from 3 fronts: • East • Italian peninsula • Western Europe

  25. The End of WWII • Surrender of Axis 1945 GA gave up • Hitler commits suicide April 1930 • Jpn continues struggle • US navy and marines close in on Jpnese home islands US bombers continue assault • US new Pres. Truman (feared an invasion of Jpn, would cost millions of lives) warns Jpn of its new weapon • Aug 5thB-29 bomber Enola Gay drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima killing 78,000 instantly & 1000s die later burns/ radiation • Jpn, ignores US request for surrender- drop 2nd atomic bomb on Nagasaki

  26. Hiroshima & Nagasaki

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