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Communications and Traffic Pattern Operations

Communications and Traffic Pattern Operations. Jer/ Eberhard Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD Greeley – Weld County Airport, Greeley, Colorado – GXY Fort Collins – Loveland Airport, Loveland, Colorado – FNL FAA Safety Team Member, with DEN FSDO. jer@frii.com 970 231-6325 CELL.

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Communications and Traffic Pattern Operations

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  1. Communications and Traffic Pattern Operations Jer/ Eberhard Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD Greeley – Weld County Airport, Greeley, Colorado – GXY Fort Collins – Loveland Airport, Loveland, Colorado – FNL FAA Safety Team Member, with DEN FSDO. jer@frii.com 970 231-6325 CELL Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  2. Lets Talk About… • Communications • Radio • You may lookup light gun signals/print from AIM. • Traffic pattern operations • Where to be in the pattern. • Where to expect other aircraft. • What to say on the radio. • References • FAA Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) • FAA advisory circulars Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  3. Agenda • Tips on radio communications. • Tips on traffic pattern names, locations and operations. • Interactive presentation with discussion… • Lets spend about an hour.  Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  4. Communications Overview • Good communications involve the sender and receiver. • Not all messages sent are received. • Not all messages received are what was intended to be sent. • We will discuss how to be around the traffic pattern and communicate effectively. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  5. First Things First! • Aviate, Navigate, Communicate, don't Fixate! • Aviate FIRST! Fly the Aircraft! • Navigate SECOND! Get to where you are going! • Communicate THIRD! Talk to those who care! • Don't Fixate! "Do not drop Bernoulli to fly Marconi"! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  6. Odd Things Heard on the Radio That Have NO MEANING! • “…Area traffic please advise…” • Bad radio call! • I have advice for you!%$#@?: “Don't buy ENRON!” “Learn how to talk on the radio”! • The AIM tells us how! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  7. Aeronautical Information Manual • AIM pilot/controller glossary AIM 4-1-9(g)(1): g. Self-Announce Position and/or Intentions 1. General.Self-announce is a procedure whereby pilots broadcast their position or intended flight activity or ground operation on the designated CTAF. This procedure is used primarily at airports which do not have an FSS on the airport. The self-announce procedure should also be used if a pilot is unable to communicate with the FSS on the designated CTAF. Pilots stating, "Traffic in the area, please advise" is not a recognized Self-Announce Position and/or Intention phrase and should not be used under any condition. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  8. Aeronautical Information Manual • AIM pilot/controller glossary: • There is no: • “Area traffic”, or • "Tally-ho" or • "Looking”. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  9. Traffic Advisory Callout • The ONLY responses to traffic are: • “Traffic in sight” or, • “Negative contact”. • The controller has other things to do, too! • Don’t take up air time with “USELESS VERBAGE”! • Look outside the aircraft while the controller is talking: If you see the traffic, report “Traffic in sight”, If not, report: “Negative contact”. • Release the frequency so others can use it! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  10. Roger! • Roger means “I have received all of your last transmission… and I am not taking any action based on that information’. • Affirmative means “yes”. • Negative means “no”. • The AIM says this about: “roger”, "it should not be used to answer a question requiring a yes or a no answer”. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  11. Ground Station Call Signs • Pilots, when calling a ground station, should begin with the name of the facility being called followed by the type of the facility being called as indicated in AIM Table 4-2-1. Table 4-2-1 (Updated for Colorado). Jer/------------------------------------------------------------------- Facility Call Sign -------------------------------------------------------------------Airport UNICOM "Fort Collins Loveland UNICOM“ FAA Flight Service Station (FSS) "Denver Radio" FAA Enroute Flight Advisory Service "Denver Flight Watch" Real-time, enroute Weather - EFAS Airport Traffic Control Tower "Centennial Tower" Clearance Delivery Position (IFR) "Centennial Clearance" Ground Control Position in Tower "Centennial Ground" Radar or Nonradar Approach "Denver Approach" Control Position Radar Departure Control Position "Denver Departure" FAA Air Route Traffic Control Center "Denver Center" ------------------------------------------------------------------- Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  12. Aircraft Call Signs – AIM 4-2-4 • Civil Aircraft should state the aircraft’s: • Type, model or manufacturer’s name, dropping the “N” (November for a US registered aircraft). • Digits/letters of the registration number, using the phonetic alphabet. AIM 4-2-7. • Examples • Bonanza Six Five Four Seven Foxtrot (N6547F) • Stationair Niner Five One Three Golf (N9513G) • Skyhawk One Seven Two Zero Zulu (N1720Z) • Model tells others the relative performance and speed characteristics of the aircraft. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  13. Numbers: AIM 4-2-8 Figures • A. Indicate hundreds and thousands in round numbers, as for ceiling heights, and upper wind levels up to 9,900 shall be spoken in accordance with the following:Example: 500 - FIVE HUNDREDExample: 7,500 - SEVEN THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED • NOT: “seven point five” or “fiver”. B. Numbers above 9,900 shall be spoken by separating the digits preceding the word "thousand."Example: 10,000 - one zero thousandExample: 13,500 - one three thousand five hundred • NOT: “thirteen point five” or “thirteen five”, or “ten even”.C. Transmit airway or jet route numbers as follows:Example: V12 - VICTOR TWELVEExample: J533 - J FIVE THIRTY-THREE • NOT: “victor one two”, or “jet five three three”. D. All other numbers shall be transmitted by pronouncing each digit. Example: 10 - one zero. Not: “ten”. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  14. Numbers: AIM 4-2-8, continued • When a radio frequency contains a decimal point, the decimal point is spoken as "POINT“. Example: 122.4 - ONE TWO TWO POINT FOUR NOTE - ICAO procedures require the decimal point be spoken as "DECIMAL," and FAA will honor such usage by military aircraft and all other aircraft required to use ICAO procedures. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  15. Altitudes And Flight LevelsAim 4-2-9 • A. Up to but not including 18,000 feet MSL, state the separate digits of the thousands plus the hundreds if appropriate.Example: 12,000 - one two thousandExample: 12,500 - one two thousand five hundred • B. At and above 18,000 feet MSL (FL 180), state the words "flight level" followed by the separate digits of the flight level.Example: 190 - flight level one NINER zeroExample: 275 - flight level two seven five Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  16. Directions Aim 4-2-10 • The three digits of bearing, course, heading, or wind direction should always be magnetic. The word "true" must be added when it applies.EXAMPLE: (always state three digits) (Magnetic course) 005 - ZERO ZERO FIVE(True course) 050 - ZERO FIVE ZERO TRUE(Magnetic bearing) 360 - THREE SIX ZERO(Magnetic heading) 100 - HEADING ONE ZERO ZERO(Wind direction) 220 - WIND TWO TWO ZERO Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  17. Traffic Patterns: Definitions • Traffic Pattern: Means the traffic flow that is prescribed for aircraft landing at, taxiing on, or taking off from, an airport (FAR 1). • Components: AIM 4-3-2 • Upwind Leg, parallel to the runway in direction of landing • Crosswind Leg, right angles to runway off its takeoff end • Downwind Leg, parallel to the runway, opposite dir of landing • Base Leg, right angles to runway, off approach end • Final Approach, direction of landing along extended centerline • Departure Leg, outbound to beyond 1/2mi and w/in 300’ of pattern altitude before turn in the pattern. Else above pattern. • Note: There is NO “crossing midfield”. Why? Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  18. Traffic Pattern Altitudes • Altitudes generally 600 – 1,500 AGL. • May be as high as 2,500 AGL. AIM 4-3-3. • Consider these MINIMUM altitudes. • Keep safe: Keep yourself in a position to glide to the runway in the event of an engine failure or configuration failure (flap, gear, et.al.). Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  19. Why do YOU remember 800’? • Your instructor PROBABLY learned at an airport with an 800' pattern, hence you were taught to "turn at 500 feet AGL". • Why? Because they were taught (properly): • “If remaining in the traffic pattern, commence turn tocrosswind leg 1/2mi beyond the departure end of the runwaywithin 300 feet of pattern altitude”… but didn’t tell you WHY! • Hence: a turn at 500 AGL for an 800 AGL pattern. • Hence: a turn at 700 AGL for a 1000 AGL pattern! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  20. Is it CURRENTLY 800 or 1000? • Caution... many airports FORMERLY had a publishedminimumpattern altitude of 800' AGL. CHECK YOUR AIRPORT in the AFD. • AIM 4-3-3 (Examples) state:Enter pattern in level flight, abeam the midpoint of therunway, at pattern altitude. 1,000' AGL is minimum recommended pattern altitude unless established otherwise. • Where is this established? Airport Facility Directory (AFD). • Who establishes it? The airport manager, in a letter tothe FAA, as published in the AFD. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  21. Traffic Pattern OperationsAIM Figure 4-3-3 Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  22. May I Suggest? With a review of the AIM information, will you please consider: • Adjusting your operations with your new knowledge to not begin a turn until you are “within 300 feet of pattern altitude”, and “½ mile beyond the departure end of the runway”? • Operate a 1000 AGL pattern (Note, it is easier to compute than adding 800 feet). Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  23. Overhead join? Britain, not USA! • Visual Clearing Procedures: Traffic Pattern: Entries into traffic patterns while descending create specific collision hazards and should be avoided. AIM 4-4-14(d). • Why fly over an airport when you can easily fly around and join on the 45? • Discussion (not heated, please)! (limit 10 min, >> I << will lead it.) Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  24. Communications Bottom Line • Make your communications: • Succinct • Directed to the proper audience • Minimal air time • Maximal content • Communicate YOUR message effectively! • Help keep each other SAFE! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  25. Bring This All Together • Position yourself on approach and in the correct position in the pattern. • Communicate your position accurately and in a timely manner. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  26. Five “W”s to Talk on the Radio • W ho I am talking to (You -Target) (Airport NAME, or facility NAME or airplane) • W ho I am (Me) • W here I am or W hat am I doing (What I have... location, information, doing NOW) • W hat I want or are going to do (What I want... or am planning) • W ho I am talking to (You - Location) Location, or leave out if talking to an FAA facility. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  27. Concrete examples of how to talk on the radio: # Get airport information: Cessna Skyhawk N1720Z Fort Collins - Loveland Unicom (READ from chart) Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu on the ramp request airport advisory Fort Collins - Loveland (READ from chart) # Taxi to the runway Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic(Note new receiver) Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu on the ramp taxiing for departure 33 Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  28. Concrete Examples: # Ready to takeoff Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu departing 33 northwest departure Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  29. Concrete Examples: # Get airport information before entering pattern Fort Collins - Loveland Unicom Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu 10 north request airport advisory Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  30. Concrete Examples: # Returning to airport Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu 10 north planning a left 45 for left traffic 33 Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  31. Concrete Examples: # Returning to airport, on downwind Fort Collins - Loveland traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu left downwind 33 number 2 to land, traffic in sight Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  32. Concrete Examples: # Returning to airport, on base Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu left base 33 Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  33. Concrete Examples: # Returning to airport, turning final Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu turning left base to final 33 Fort Collins - Loveland Note: There is NO “left final”! Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  34. Concrete Examples: # Off the runway Fort Collins - Loveland Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu down and clear of 33 (not the Active!) taxiing to T-Hangars Fort Collins - Loveland Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  35. Concrete Examples: # Nearby airport, most people get WRONG (Airport name different than location name) Here is correct one: MacElroy Traffic Skyhawk Two Zero Zulu 10 east planning right traffic 27 Kremmling Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  36. Bottom Line • Join and fly the published pattern. • If possible, use 1000 AGL for TPA. • Fly the pattern depicted in the AIM. • Make proper radio calls in the pattern. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  37. Summary • We have discussed proper radio phraseology. • Listen, and laugh, and help your friends improve their communications! • Be in the pattern, communicating. • Be SAFE! • Did you learn something that you can use? • Discussion/comments? • Then where to get more information. Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

  38. Where to Get More Information • FAA aeronautical information manual – AIM • Airborne intercept procedures (Print, keep in flight case): • AIM table 5-6-1 intercepting signals (1-3) • AIM table 5-6-2 intercepting signals (4-6) • AOPA: www.aopa.org • FAA advisory circulars: • AC 90-42F traffic advisory… with control tower… • AC 90-45F traffic advisory… without control tower… • AC 90-66A recommended standard traffic patterns… Jer/ Eberhard, Mountain Flying Aviation, LTD; 970 231-6325 jer@frii.com

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