1 / 13

Chemical Compounds in Cells

Chemical Compounds in Cells. Elements. Elements – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances Elements found in living things Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfer Atoms – smallest unit of

yank
Download Presentation

Chemical Compounds in Cells

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chemical Compounds in Cells

  2. Elements • Elements – any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • Elements found in living things • Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfer • Atoms – smallest unit of an element

  3. Compounds • Compound – when two or more elements combine chemically in fixed proportions • Molecules- smallest unit of any compound • Carbon dioxide (one carbon atom + two oxygen atoms) CO2 • Water (two hydrogen + one oxygen) H2O • Peroxide (two hydrogen + two oxygen) H2O2

  4. Water and Your Cells • Water (two hydrogen + one oxygen) H2O • Makes up about two thirds of your body • Important roles in your body • Dissolves chemicals that cells need • Keeps cells their size and shape • Keeps temperature of cells from changing rapidly

  5. Organic and Inorganic Compounds • Organic compounds • Contain element carbon • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids • Inorganic compounds • Do not contain carbon • Water, sodium chloride (table salt)

  6. Carbohydrates • Carbohydrates- energy-rich organic compound • Made of elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Sugar produced in plants • Fruits and vegetables (high sugar content) • Starches (complex carbohydrates) –sugar molecules combine to form large molecules • Pasta, potatoes, rice, bread • Body breaks down starches into glucose (cells use for energy) • Stores and provides energy and makes up cellular parts (cell wall & cell membranes)

  7. How much carbohydrates do you need? • 50-60% of Calories should come from carbs. • Complex carbs are better to eat than simple carbs – sugars give a quick burst of energy, but starches are a longer, more even energy source. • Foods high in complex carbs usually have other useful nutrients • Foods with lots of sugar usually have fewer other useful nutrients

  8. Lipids • Lipids – energy-rich organic compounds • Made of elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen • Contain more energy than carbohydrates • Fats, oils and waxes Used to store energy Cell membranes are made mainly of lipids

  9. How much fat do we need? • Should have no more than 30% of Calories in diet from fat • Should particularly limit intake of saturated fats and cholesterol • Read labels – look for palm or coconut oil, hydrogenated or partially hydrogenated oils – these are bad for you and you should avoid them if you can

  10. Proteins • Proteins – large organic molecules • Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur • Meats, eggs, fish, nuts, and beans • Amino acids – molecules that make up protein molecules • only 20 common amino acids (arranged in different ways) • Enzyme – type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions that take place in cells • Saliva speeds up digestion Makes up much of the structure of cells (cell membrane and organelles) Speeds up chemical reaction

  11. Nucleic Acids • Nucleic Acids – very long organic molecules • Made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen , phosphorus • Contain the instructions that cells need to carry out all the functions of the cell • DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) • Genetic material (parent to offspring) • Directs all of the cells functions • found in chromatin • RNA (ribonucleic acid) • Important role in production of proteins • Found in cytoplasm and nucleus

  12. Food Guide Pyramid • Classifies food into 6 groups and indicates how many servings from each group should be eaten per day

More Related